Amino Acids

Question 1

What is an amino acid?

Answer 1

Molecules that combine to build proteins

Building blocks of life

Question 2

Signaling Sequence

Answer 2

1- import to nucleus
2- export from nucleus
3- import to mitochondria
4- import to plastid
5- import to peroxisomes
6- import to ER
7- return to ER

Question 3

Chaperon

Answer 3

Help proteins fold
Ex: Protein disulfide isomerase catalyzes the oxidation of SH groups on cysteines to form disulfide bonds (S-S).

Question 4

Protein Synthesis + Processing

Answer 4

In the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 5

Proteins in the ER

Answer 5

Protein may be completely released in the ER lumen
Or Remain associated with the membrane as a membrane protein

Question 6

Translocon

Answer 6

molecular gate
directs non-polar stretches of amino acids into the membrane

Question 7

Tagging in the ER

Answer 7

Glycosylation
Carbohydrate tags indicate time spent in the ER and are a signal about appropriate folding
More time = less tags

Question 8

Glycosylation

Answer 8

adding sugar to protein (glycoprotein)
Post-translational modification
Occurs in the ER and the Golgi
monitor the status of protein folding (quality control)
in the ER
molecular zip code for deliver to correct location
from the trans Golgi.

Question 9

N-linked Glycosylation

Answer 9

glycan binds to Asparagine in the ER

Question 10

O-linked Glycosylation

Answer 10

monosaccharides bind to OH group on serine or threonine in ER, Golgi, cytosol, or nucleus