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BIOB 260 > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

2 am mental breakdown avoidance

1
Q

What are the 4 nucleotide bases?

A

A,T,G,C

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2
Q

Which nucleotide bases pair with each other?

A

A + T, G + C

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3
Q

How would you draw DNA with Complementary base pairs A + T, G + C
Include hydrophobic/philic interactions and primes

A

Complementary base pairs (A,T,G,C) structures are drawn and “placeholders” are put in their spots.
Hydrophilic interactions are placed around everywhere except the nucleotide bases, indicating those are hydrophobic.
5^1 and 3^1 are placed on both sides of the structure.

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4
Q

Which complementary base pairs have the strongest connection?

A

G + C
3 hydrogen bonds, vs. the 2 between A + T

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5
Q

Basics of DNA

A

Double stranded helix
4 Nucleotide bases
Phosphate backbone
Carries information for reproduction/growth

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6
Q

Nucleic Acids
(Examples)

A

DNA + RNA

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7
Q

Nucleic Acids
(Purpose)

A

Carry chemical energy
Form Coenzymes
Signaling molecules (cAMP)

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8
Q

Location of DNA/RNA

A

DNA - Nucleus
RNA synthesis - Cytoplasm

mRNA connects DNA to Protein

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9
Q

Nucleic Acids
(Structure)

A

Phosphate (attached to Carbon 5)
5 Carbon Sugar (Deoxy - DNA carbon 2)
Nitrogenous Bases (ATGC)

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10
Q

“Purpose” of Carbons in Nucleic Acids

A

Carbon 1- Nitrogenous base
Carbon 2- differentiate between DNA and RNA
Carbon 3- connects the next base
Carbon 5- phosphate group

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11
Q

DNA vs. RNA
(Sugars only)

A

DNA- Deoxyribose
RNA- Ribose

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12
Q

Deoxyribose Structure

A
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13
Q

Ribose Structure

A
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14
Q

What makes DNA polar?

(What would interact w/ aqueous stuff)

A

Phosphate groups!

Phosphate side is more likely to interact with an Aqueous environment (bc negative charge).

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15
Q

Is DNA soluble in Ethanol?

A

No, it does precipitate though!
dumb

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16
Q

Nitrogenous Bases

A

Like R group for Amino Acids - but for Nuc Acids

Pyrimidines + Purines

Relatively non-polar

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17
Q

Pyrimidines
(DNA + RNA)

A

DNA - T,C
RNA - U,C

18
Q

Purines

A

Both DNA + RNA - G, A
Larger than Pyrimidines

19
Q

Nitrogenous Base T
(Name + Structure)

A

Thymine - In DNA
Pyrimidine

20
Q

Nitrogenous Base C
(Name + Structure)

A

Cytosine
Pyrimidine

21
Q

Nitrogenous Base U
(Name + Structure)

A

Uracil - In RNA
Pyrimidine

22
Q

Nitrogenous Base G
(Name + Structure)

A

Guanine
Purine

23
Q

Nitrogenous Base A
(Name + Structure)

A

Adenine
Purine

24
Q

Phosphodiester Linkage

A

Bond between Nucleotides in Primary Structure

Dehydration/Condensation Reaction (loses water)

25
Q

Primary Structure of DNA
(Primes)

A

5 prime –> 3 prime synthesis

Nucleotides added to 3prime end

5’ = unlinked phosphate on Carbon5
3’ = hydroxyl (OH) on C3

26
Q

Activated Nucleotide

A

ATP
AMP (Adenosine Monophosphate) means the nucleotide has already given up through hydrolysis

27
Q

If a double stranded DNA molecule was composed of 20% thymidine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

A

30%
Non-complementary base pairs must add up to 50%
Complementary should be roughly equal

28
Q

Secondary Structure of DNA

A

Double Helix
Complementary Anti-parallel Strand
Stabilized by: hydrogen bonding (between Nitrogenous Bases), hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals (Base stacking)

29
Q

Tertiary Structure of DNA

A

Supercoiled
wrap around Histone (+ charge) proteins to be organized before division

30
Q

DNA Synthesis

A

Designed to be copied
1- Hydrogen bonds must be broken between double stranded DNA to release single strands
Broken by Heat or Enzyme
2- Complementary base pairing (enzyme)
3- Polymerization
new strands form sugar phosphate backbone
secondary structure restored

31
Q

RNA differences from DNA

A

RNA - Ribose DNA - Deoxyribose
RNA - Uracil RNA - Thymine
RNA is more unstable

32
Q

Secondary Structure RNA

A

Complementary base pairing between nitrogenous bases on the same strand
Stabilized by : hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions
Form hairpin loops
Like Beta pleated sheets in proteins

33
Q

Tertiary Structure RNA

A

Complex 3D shapes

34
Q

Types of RNA

A

mRNA - messenger RNA
tRNA - transfer RNA
rRNA - ribosomal RNA

35
Q

mRNA

A

Transcription
single Stranded
messenger of genetic information –> gene expression
Shape Change

36
Q

tRNA

A

protein synthesis
Translation

37
Q

rRNA

A

made of proteins + RNA
Large subunits : aid with formation of Peptide Bonds
Small subunits : match tRNA with mRNA

38
Q

RNA Function

A

intermediate for information processing
catalyze reaction

39
Q

Brain Break :)

A
40
Q

Brain Break
(u deserve it!)

A
41
Q

Brain Break !!

A

just look at the otter rq

BIOB 260 (5 decks)

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