SAC 1 - Unit 3 - Nervous system and Stress Flashcards
IV
Independent variable
The variable thats being manipulated.
Difference between the two groups (Control and Experimental)
DV
Dependant variable
The effect that the experimenter measures after the effect of the IV
EV
Extraneous variable Any difference (thats not the IV) that may affect the DV.
Types of neurons
Sensory neurons
Interneurons
Motor neurons
Sensory neurons
Carry information from the sense organs to the CNS via afferent tracts
Interneurons
Links sensory and motor neurons in brain and spinal cord
Motor neurons
Carry information from the CNS to muscles, glands and organs via efferent tracts
Somatic nervous system
From the PNS
Conscious processes
Autonomic nervous system
From the PNS
Unconscious processes
Sympathetic nervous system
From the autonomic nervous system
Heightens arousal for fight-flight-freeze response
Fight-flight-freeze
Fight - stay and attack
Flight - run
Freeze - try going unnoticed
Initiated by the sympathetic nervous system
Prepares the body to confront a stressful situation to optimise the chance of survival
Structure of a neuron
Dendrite Axon Axon terminals Myelin Neurotransmitters (excitatory and inhibitory)
Dendrite
receives incoming neural information
Axon
the pathway down which the neural message travels
Axon terminals
exit pathways for nerual messages to make their way to the next neuron
Myelin
fatty tissue that encases the axon to aid in speed of transmission
CNS
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
Receive information from the PNS, process it and then responds
PNS
Peripheral nervous system
carries info from the sensory organs and internal organs to the CNS, then sends it to the muscles, organs and glands
Spinal cord
passes sensory information from PNS to the brain and passes motor information from the brain to the PNS
Brain
Regulates and guides all parts of the nervous system
a major function of the spinal cord
connect the brain and the spinal cord
where do sensory pathways carry information to
central nervous system
where do motor pathways carry information from
central nervous system
do sensory neurons carry information towards or away from the brain
afferent - towards
do motor neurons carry information towards or away form the brain
efferent - away
what is Parkinson’s disease
neurodegeneration (neuron breakdown) of dopamine-producing-neurons which results in the reduction of dopamine. neurons rely on dopamine to be either excited or not function normally
the autonomic nervous system controls the activities of ….
visceral muscles, organs and glands
which nervous system initiates skeletal muscle
movement
somatic nervous system
where does the peripheral nervous system transmit information between
sensory receptors, muscles, organs and glands and the central nervous system
what are the two divisions of the central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
what are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
somatic NS and autonomic NS :: involuntary or voluntary
somatic - voluntary
autonomic - involuntary
what are the two neurons in the somatic nervous system
sensory and motor nerouns
what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system