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Bio SAT > SA3 > Flashcards

SA3 Flashcards

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SAT® Prep flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Geological time scale

A

Eons

Eras

Periods

Epochs

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2
Q

Fossil

A

The preserved impressions of an organism

  • Trace fossils
  • Body fossils
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3
Q

Trace fossils

A

The preserved impressions of an organism (hints showing an organism existed)

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4
Q

Body fossils

A

Fossils formed the actual organism

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5
Q

Fossil record

A

List of fossils, arranged according to time period

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6
Q

Sedimentary rock

A

Where fossils are found

Forms in layers or strata

Glued together by chemical reactions and pressure

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7
Q

Relative dating

A

Ordering fossils in terms of their age

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8
Q

Absolute dating

A

Finding the exact age of rocks or fossils in mya

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9
Q

Radiometeic sating

A

Measuring the percentage of radioactive isotopes in a substance

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10
Q

Radioisotope

A

An unstable form of an elemental atom

Decay to stable atoms at a known rate - half-life

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11
Q

Evolution

A

Any change in heritable structures of a population or species over time

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12
Q

Transitional fossils

A

Evidence of organism with shared characteristics with both ancient and modern form

Can show evolutionary history of species

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13
Q

Other evidence of evolution

A

Biogeography

Similarities in morphology & biochemistry

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14
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of where in the world plants and animals live

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15
Q

Continental drift

A

The slow movement of land masses over time

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16
Q

Earth land masses order

A

Pangea ‘supercontinent’

Laurasia and Gondwana

Modern World

17
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

When a new species is formed as a result of genetic isolation caused by a geographical barrier

18
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

When gene flow between members of a population is reduced by one of the following 3 factors:

  1. Habitat differentiation
  2. Sexual selection
  3. Polyploidy
19
Q

Factors affecting allele frequencies

A
  1. Mutation
  2. Genetic drift
    - Bottleneck effect
    - Founder effect
  3. Gene flow
20
Q

Isolating mechanisms

  • Prezygotic barriers *
A
  • geographic barriers
  • temporal barriers
  • behavioral barriers
  • morphological barriers
  • gamete mortality
21
Q

Isolating mechanisms

  • Postzygotic barriers *
A
  • reduced hybrid viability
  • reduced hybrid fertility
  • hybrid breakdown

Bio SAT (7 decks)

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