1. DNA Flashcards
What are the 3 components that make up a nucleotide?
- pentose sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base
DNA acts as a template to make RNA in a process known as ______?
Transcription
* which takes place in the nucleus
RNA acts as a template to make protein in a process known as ______?
Translation
* which happens in the cytoplasm on ribosomes
Purines are made up of ___ ring(s)
2
Pyrimidines are made up of ____ ring(s)
1
A forms ___ H bonds with T
C forms ___ H bonds with G
A forms 2 bonds with T
C forms 3 bonds with G
Purines :
Pyrimidines:
A and G are purines
C and T are pyrimidines
Where do phosphodiester bonds form ?
Between the pentose sugar and the phosphate group
Why don’t RNA have H bonds?
Because single-stranded. Only have phosphodiester in sugar-phosphate backbone. No need to hold 2 nitrogenous bases tgt
How to break down polynucleotides
Hydrolysis (+ water)
How to form polynucleotides from nucleotides?
Condensation polymerisation/ dehydration synthesis (- water)
Function of helicase
Convert double stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds
Function of single-stranded binding protein
To bind on single strands of DNA and prevent them from reannealing
Function of primase
To create RNA primers based on template strand
Function of DNA polymerase III
To add complimentary DNA nucleotides to the 3’ end, based on the template
Function of sliding clamp
To move DNA polymerase III along the template strand
Function of nuclease
To remove RNA primers
Function of DNA polymerase I
To replace RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides
Function of DNA ligase
To join the replicated DNA fragments into a single continuous strand
Other types of monohybrid inheritance
- Incomplete dominance
- Co dominance
- Multiple alleles
What do multiple alleles mean?
When one gene has more than two alleles
3 exceptions to Mendels law
- Polygenic inheritance
- Linked genes
- Effect of environment
What happens before Prophase?
Interphase
- G1, S & G2
What happens after Prophase?
Metaphase
