SA Tox Flashcards
Serotonin (TCAs, MAO, SSRIs)
Altered mental status, ANS instability, neuromuscular abnormalities (seizures, clonus, etc), too much or too little catecholamines
Give ace or cyproheptadine
Multiple charcoal, ILE if severe
Bromethalin
Neuro (ATPase pumps don’t work —> cells rupture —> CNS edema)
Multiple activated charcoal
Paralytic syndrome in cats, convulsant syndrome in high doses
Mannitol and steroids
Marijuana
Neuro (mydriasis and dribbling urine and vomiting)
Multiple activated charcoal and ILE if severe
OPs and carbamates
Neuro (inhibits acetylcholinesterase- muscarinic SLUDDE and nicotinic signs, and CNS signs)
Atropine response test- won’t respond
Atropine, glyco, 2-PAM, diphenhydramine,
Metaldehydes (snail bait)
Neuro (seizures etc)
Permethrins/pyrethroids
Neuro (repetitive neuron firing, seizures) and rhabdo in 🐈⬛
ILE
Macrocyclic lactones
Neuro (dec GABA —> excitatory, blindness)
Toxic if given to MDR1 mutant or with p-gp inhibitor
Chocolate
GI —> cardiac (arrhythmias) —> neuro (seizures)
Multiple activated charcoal
Can have serotonin release
Anticoag rodenticide
Bleeding into cavities
Garlic and onions
Anemia (Heinz bodies, methemoglobin) due to intravascular hemolysis
Charcoal not helpful
Albuterol
Beta-2 agonist (activates ATPase —> hypokalemia)
Tachycardia, hypotension, altered mentation
Cardiac glycosides
Inhibits ATPase —> too much Na in cell —> inc Ca in cell —> inc inotropy and cell death
GI, CV, neuro
Xylitol
Liver and hypoglycemia in dogs
Sago palm
Liver, GI, and Neuro, carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic
Cycasin
Multi dose charcoal
Mushroom toxicity (amanitins)
Liver failure, GI, and renal
False recovery between GI and liver failure
Single dose charcoal
Aflatoxins
Acute fatal liver failure
Blue green algae
Liver and Neuro
Acute death
Acetaminophen toxicity
Liver and GI and methemoglobinemia
Especially in cats because they’re deficient in glucuronyl transferase (cp-450 detoxifies toxic metabolite called NAPQI)
Cats get edema of face and paws
Grapes and raisins
AKI and GI in dogs
Lillies
AKI and GI and Neuro in cats
Ethylene glycol
AKI in dogs and cats
Turned into calcium oxalate by liver (this is what is toxic)
Look for calcium oxalate crystals and fluorescence on woods lamp
Drunk then false recovery then signs
Fomepizole (4-MP) and ethanol are antidote
NSAIDs
GI ulcers —> AKI —> CNS (depending on dose)
Repeat charcoal and
Cholecalciferol and calcitriol (vitamin D analogues)
GI —> renal (tubular necrosis and calcification)
Also CV, CNS, muscular
Repeat charcoal
