SA Pulmonary

Question 1

What is the divisions of the pulmonary bronchi?

Answer 1

1. Principle
2. Lobar - to each lung
3. Segmental (bronchopulmonary segment) - a bronchopulmonary segment is the smallest thing you should see on imaging
4. Bronchioles - bronchioles cannot be seen on imaging
5. Secondary pulmonary lobules (the septa cannot be seen in dogs, cats and horses)
6. Terminal bronchus (Primary pulmonary lobules)
7. Acinus
8. Respiratory bronchi
9. Alveoli

Question 2

What are the division for describing lung disease on CT?

Answer 2

Centrilobular

Panlobular

Perilobular

Question 3

What is the normal attenuation (HU) on the liver and of the lung of a dog?

Answer 3

-900 to -700 lung

40 to 70 liver

Question 4

What is the correct terminology for CT pulmonary disease (increased attentuation)?

Answer 4

Ground glass

Consolidation - Can’t see the vessels.

Question 5

What are the two vascular systems associated with the lungs?

Answer 5

Pulmonary circulation - This is the functional circulation that supplies deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange

Bronchial circulation - Supplies the lung parenchyma with oxygen supply and nutrients

Question 6

Where does the bronchoesophageal artery arise from? How does it split?

Answer 6

Fifth right dorsal intercostal artery or the aorta at that level.

It then branches into an esophagus artery - Supplying most of the thoracic esophagus.

The esophageal artery branches at the bifuraction into the left and right bronchial arteries which enter the hilus of the lungs along the bronchi.

The left and right bronchial arteries send out esophageal twigs that anastomose with but the esophageal branches of the left gastric and thyroid arteries