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1
Q

The narrowest part of the ventricular system of the brain is…

A

Mesencephalic aqueduct

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2
Q

What structure is the black area pointing to?

A

Osseous tentorum cerebrii

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3
Q

What structures create the round ligaments of the bladder?

A

Umbilical arteries

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4
Q

Umbilical vein runs where?

A

To the liver - hilus

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5
Q

Bearded dragons have a what for their breathing anatomy?

A

Ceclomic cavity - rib muscles are the ones that let it breath not a diaphragm.

Passive transfer of oxygen

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6
Q

Name the sesamoid of the elbow joint?

A

Tendon of the supinator

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7
Q

What is the name of this area in a cat? Dog?

A

Sphenopalentine sinus - cat

Sphenopalentine recess - dog

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8
Q

The dew claw is what number phanlange?

A

1

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9
Q

Portal vasculature - divisions of the portal vein

A
  1. Right lateral
    1. Right lateral
    2. Caudate
  2. Right medial
  3. Left medial
    1. Left medial and
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10
Q

What cranial nerves are involved in swallowing?

A
  1. Trigeminal
  2. Hypoglossal
  3. Facial
  4. Vagus
  5. Glossopharyngeal
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11
Q

What structure is the asterik in?

A

Dorsal pouch of the distal interphangeal joint

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12
Q

What structure separates the navicular bursa and the distal interphalangeal joint?

A

Distal sesamoidean impar ligament

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13
Q

Where does the extensor carpi radialis originate from?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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14
Q

What is the difference between veno-occulssive disease, noncirrhotic portal hypertension and microvascular dyplasia?

A

They are all primary hypoplasia of the portal vein…. however, microvascular dyplasia does not cause portal hypertension. They others do.

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15
Q

What are these structures?

A

Caudal circumflex humeral artery

Axillobrachial vein

These are branches of the axillary artery and vein

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16
Q

What structure is the T2W hyperintensity in?

A

Basal ganglion

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17
Q

What two muscles make up the iliopsoas m?

A

Iliacus m

Psoas major

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18
Q

Where does the psoas major arise from and attach?

A

Arises from the transverse processes of L2-L4

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19
Q

Where does the iliacus m arise from?

A

Ilium

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20
Q

What arteries supply the head and neck of the femors?

A

The medial and lateral deep circumflex artery from the sacral (70%)

Gluteal arteries (30%)

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21
Q

Where are the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries located on a sagitall MRI image?

A

Celiac is just ventral to L1

CrM is ventral to L1-L2

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22
Q

What are that supplies the brain of a dog does not arise from the circle of willis?

A

Caudal cerebellum which arise directly from the basilar artery

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23
Q

What ligament extends from the lateral meniscus and attaches to the medial femoral condyle in the stifle joint of a dog?

A

Meniscofemoral ligament

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24
Q

What do the curved lines represent and the arrow heads?

A

Meniscus - curved line

Meniscal struts - arrow heads

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25
Q

What areas do the black arrows represent in the stifle?

A

Cranial and caudal joint recess

Long digital extensor shealth

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26
Q

What is the meniscal strut?

A

It is the attachment of the cranial aspect of the lateral meniscus to the popliteus tendon seen here as the white arrow head.

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27
Q

What is the anatomical name for bv?

A

basivertebral venous canal

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28
Q

What is the anatomical name for mp and cd making the facet?

A

mp = mammillary process

cd = caudal articular process

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29
Q

What is the ts?

A

thecal sac

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30
Q

What is the name for iv?

A

internal vertebral venous plexus

This is paired vessels that converge in the middle of a vertebral body and then diverge at the endplates… anastomosing vessels can be seen and are normal at the level of the disc space.

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31
Q

What is the sw?

A

sacral wing

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32
Q

Where does the bronchoesophageal artery (the one that supplies the esophagus and bronchi) arise from?

A

Right 5th intercostal artery

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33
Q

What arteries supply the cervial portion of the esophagus?

A

Cranial and Caudal thyroid arteries

34
Q

What arteries supply the cranial 2/3 fo the thoracic portion of the esophagus?

A

Bronchoesophageal artery.

35
Q

What arteries supply the caudal portion of the thoracic esophagus?

A

Esophageal branches from the aorta and dorsal intercostal arteries

36
Q

What arteries supply the terminal (abdominal) portion of the esophagus?

A

Esophageal branch of the left gastric

37
Q

What muscle does the femoral nerve run through?

A

Iliopsoas m.

Ex. of a nerve tumor in the femoral nerve as it courses through the iliopsoas

38
Q

What attaches to the third trochanter of a horse?

A

Insertion of the superficial gluteal muscle.

39
Q

What is the caput mandibulae?

A

Mandibular condyle

40
Q

What are these four anatomic structures?

A

Top to buttom

  1. TMJ joint
  2. Condylar process
  3. Retroarticular process
  4. Angular process
41
Q

What plane is the tympanic membrane best seen in CT?

A

Dorsal

42
Q

The mandibular fossa and condylar process make up what joint and allow what type of movement?

A

TMJ

Allow hinge and side to side.

43
Q

What is the anatomical structure of PC?

A

Coronoid process

44
Q

The retroarticular process of the mandibular fossa is a unique anatomical structure associated with what type of species?

A

carnivores

45
Q

What is the stucture associated with the * and the two white arrow heads?

A

* = the angular process

Double arrow heads = TMJ disc

46
Q

What muscle inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible?

A

Temporalis m

47
Q

The mandibular symphysis is what type of joint?

A

Fibrocartilagenous

48
Q

What is the rule with displacement of the lower jaw and mandibular fractures?

A

The lower jaw divates towards the side that is fractured.

49
Q

The tympanic cavity is divided into three portions…what are they and which one holds the auditory ossicles and muscles?

A

Ventral hypotympanicum

Dorsal epitympanic

Middle (mesotympanicum) - this is where the ossicles are

50
Q

The tympanic nerve is an extension of what cranial nerve?

A

Facial

51
Q

What bone does the bony and membranous labyrith reside in?

A

Temporal bone.

52
Q

What leg is the peroneal nerve in and where does it originate from?

A

Hind leg

Originates from the sciate nerve and courses laterally

53
Q

The tibia nerve dives between what muscle in the lower aspect of the hind leg? What does the tibia nerve originate from?

A

Gastrocnemius m.

Originates from the sciatic n.

54
Q

Acronym for brachial plexus nerves and where they arise from?

A

3 muscateers, assinated, 5 rats, 5 mice and 2 unicorns

C5-T1

55
Q

What structure is B and C?

A

B = vertebral vein

C = Internal vertebral venous sinus

56
Q

What is A and F?

A

A = internal vertebral venous sinus

F = Longus coli m.

57
Q

What is A?

A

Interarcual vein.

58
Q

Where does the extensor carpii radialis insert?

A

3rd and 4th proximal metacarpal bone

59
Q

Where does the flexor carpii ulnaris insert?

A

Accessary carpal bone

60
Q

What are the three parts of the adenophyophysis?

A

Pars distalis

Pars intermedia

Pars tuberalis

61
Q

What does the adenophyophysis arise from?

A

Dorsal invagination of the ectoderm from the oral cavity (Rathke’s pouch)

62
Q

What does the neurohypophysis (pars nervosa) arise from?

A

Evagination of the neural ectoderm from the hypothalamus.

63
Q

The sella turcica or hypophyseal fossa is in what bone?

A

Basisphenoid bone

64
Q

Two cavernous sinuses bound the hypophysis laterally and contain what cranial nerves and arteries?

A

CN 3, 4, 5 (ophthalmic) and 6

Eye control!

Middle meningeal, external ophthamic and internal carotid arteries

65
Q

What is the “wings” of the pterygoid called?

A

Hamulus

66
Q

The deep circumflex iliac artery supplies what?

A

Quadraduce luborum

Psoas major

Abdominal wall

AKA FLANK

67
Q

What type of lining does the uterus masculinus have?

A

Simple columnar to pseudostratified

68
Q

What type of fluid is noted in the uterus masculinus?

A

Nonseptic, aspermic, cystic fluid

69
Q

What is the cut off for adenoma and adenocarcinoma vs hyperplasia and parathyroid hyperplasia for nodules in the thyroid?

A

4mm

70
Q

What does the cavernous sinus drain?

A

Orbit and brain

71
Q

What crainal nerves run through the cavernous sinus?

A

CN 3-6 5=opthalmic

72
Q

What is the difference between periosteal, parosteal and high grade surface osteosarcoma?

A

Periosteal - arises from the periosteum - semi-aggressive

Parosteal osteosarcoma - arises from connective tissue of periosteum. Low grade malignant

High grade suface osteosarcoma - Looks like osteosarcoma with aggressive shit

73
Q

What does diazepam do to gastric emptying in cats?

A

Increase it.

74
Q

What are the two significantly negative prognostic predictors of survival in dogs with lymphosarcoma?

A

Cranial mediastinal lymphadenopathy and T-cell.

Pulmonary infiltrate was not significant.

75
Q

What are the features of gastric ulceration on ultrasound

A
  1. Focal thickening with loss of layering
  2. focal mucosal disruption
  3. microbubble accumulation at the ulcer crater
76
Q

What are the ratios of cvc to aorta on a lateral radiograph that indicate no right heart failure and right heart failure?

A
  1. <1 = No heart failure
  2. >1.5 likely
    1. >1.3 CVC:thoracic vert body lenghth
    2. >3.5 CVC: 4th rib
77
Q

What is dysraphism?

A

Failure of neural tube to close

78
Q

What are the myelographic changes for an arachnoid cyst?

A

Tear drop enlargement on DV

Contrast dorsal to the spine

79
Q

What is the cutoff limit (size) for malignancy in an adrenal mass

A

>4cm = malignant

>2cm = probably malignant

<2cm = crap shoot

80
Q

What is the limit for infusion of a sedated dog for a positive cystogram?

A

11-15ml/kg

81
Q

When can you see mineralization of feti in dog or cat?

A

Dog - 45 days

Cat - 36-45 days

Anatomy (5 decks)

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