Orthopedics SA

Question 1

What muscle of the elbow attaches to the lateral aspect of the olecranon and the lateral aspect of the distal humerus?

Answer 1

Anconeus m

Question 2

The extensors of the digits and carpus originate on or near?

Answer 2

The lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 3

The flexors of the digits and carpus originate on or near?

Answer 3

The medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 4

From medial to lateral, how are the four extensor muscles of the carpus/digits arranged?

Answer 4

Extensor carpi radials
Common digital extensor
Lateral digital extensor
Extensor carpi ulnaris (Ulnaris lateralis)

Question 5

What holds the extensors of the carpus in place?

Answer 5

Extensor retinaculum

Question 6

What is the difference between cats and dogs extensor carpi radials?

Answer 6

Cats are completely separated into 2 segments

Brevis and longus

Question 7

What sesmoid bones can be mistaken for chip fractures in the elbow and the carpus?

Answer 7

Elbow: Supinator or lateral collateral lig
Carpus: Abductor pollicus longus

Question 8

Other than the flexors and extensors…what other muscles originate from the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus?

Answer 8

Supinator - Lateral epicondyle
Pronator - Medial epicondyle.

Both attach to the prox radius

Question 9

Flexors from cranial to caudal on the medial side?

Answer 9

Flexor carpi radialis
SDF
DDF
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 10

What extensors and flexors of the carpus/digits attach to the accessory carpal bone?

Answer 10

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 11

Where does the extensor carpi ulnaris attach?

Answer 11

MC5

Question 12

What ligament pulls P3 into hyperextension so the claw is elevated?

Answer 12

Dorsal elastic ligament.

Question 13

Interosseous m is considered a?

Answer 13

Extensor…. as it has an extensor branch that attaches with the common digit extensor

Question 14

Extensor muscles of the carpus on the lateral side are controlled by what n?

Answer 14

Radial

Question 15

Flexor muscles of the carpus on the lateral side are controlled by what n?

Answer 15

Ulnar and Median

Question 16

Trochlea of the humerus is what side while the capitulum is on what side?

Answer 16

Trochlea: Medial
Capitulum: Lateral

Question 17

Supracondylar foramen is seen in what animal and where?

Answer 17

Cats

Medial epicondyle

Question 18

The supracondylar foramen contains what?

Answer 18

Medain n.

Brachial a and v — continuation of the axillary a

Question 19

Lesser tubercle is on what side of the humerus?

Answer 19

Medial — think… not much muscle there to attach

Question 20

The styloid process of the radius is where?

Answer 20

Medial aspect of the radius and carpal joint

Question 21

What process of the scapula does the cat have? What is it for?

Answer 21

Suprahamate process

Question 22

What is the origin of the biceps brachii?

Answer 22

Supraglenoid tubercle

Question 23

What are the three common disc spaces to be narrowed and not be pathologic?

Answer 23

C2-3
C7-T1
T10-T11
L7-S1

Question 24

What nerve innervates the Supra and infraspinatus mm?

Answer 24

Suprascapular n.

Question 25

What is the acronym for the brachial plexus?

Answer 25

SS MAR MU

Question 26

The extensors of the digits in the rear limb are controlled by what nerves?

Answer 26

Fibular | Peroneal

Question 27

Extensors of the stifle (quads) are controlled by what nerve?

Answer 27

Femoral

Question 28

Dropped jaw is consistent with damage to what n?

Answer 28

Trigeminal n

Question 29

What nerve mediates the panniculus response?

Answer 29

Lateral thoracic n

Question 30

The external anal sphincter is controlled by what?

Answer 30

Caudal rectal n.

Question 31

What is the difference between a high radial never and low radial nerve damage?

Answer 31

High radial n - paralysis of the extensors of the elbow (triceps) Low radial n - paralysis of the extensors of the carpus

Question 32

What nerves in the hind end control the extensors?

Answer 32

Femoral - high (stifle) extensors | Fibular (peroneal) n - low (tarsus) extensors

Question 33

Parasympathetic information is sent to what glands by the facial n?

Answer 33

Lacrimal Mandibular salivary gland Sublingual salivary gland

Question 34

Parasympathetic information is sent to what glands by the Glossopharyngeal n?

Answer 34

Parotid salivary gland

Question 35

What is the most lateral carpal bone in proximal row in dogs and cats?

Answer 35

Ulnar carpal bone

Question 36

What is the most medial carpal bone in the proximal row in dogs and cats?

Answer 36

Radial carpal bone

Question 37

What are the three carpal bones in the proximal row in a dog and cat?

Answer 37

Radial - Most medial Ulnar - most lateral Accessary

Question 38

What are the four carpal bones in the distal row in the dogs and cat?

Answer 38

First - medial Second Third Fourth - Lateral

Question 39

What is the diffference in number of sesamoids on the dorsal aspect of the digits of the cat and dog vs the palmar/plantar aspect?

Answer 39

Dorsal - one sesamoid | Plantar/palmar - two sesamoids

Question 40

What nerve innverates the flexors of the elbow (biceps brachii and brachialis)?

Answer 40

Musculocutaneous n

Question 41

What muscles are on the medial side of the shoulder?

Answer 41

Subscapularis Teres major Coracobrachialis

Question 42

What muscles are on the lateral side of the shoulder?

Answer 42

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor

Question 43

What tendon holds down the tendon of the biceps brachi? What does it attach to?

Answer 43

Transverse humeral ligament | Between the greater and lesser curvature.

Question 44

The coracobrachialis runs inbetween the triceps heads and inserts where?

Answer 44

The coracoid process | - on the medial side of the supraglenoid tubercle.

Question 45

What joints of the carpus communicate in a cat and dog?

Answer 45

Middle and Carpometacarpal

Question 46

Where does the phrenic n originate?

Answer 46

C5-7

Question 47

Brachial plexus is derived from the dorsal or ventral nerve roots?

Answer 47

Ventral (motor neuron)