SA Practical Three Muscles Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid Origin & Insertion
O- Top of manubrium (sternal head) Medial ⅓of clavicle (clavicular head)
I- Mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
Sternocleidomastoid Palpation
Locate the mastoid process, clavicle and sternum, drawing line between, have partner slightly raise head off table
Sternocleidomastoid Action
Unilaterally - laterally flex the head and neck (same side) and rotates the head to the opposite side
Bilaterally - flex the neck and assist to elevate the ribcage during inhalation
Anterior Scalene Origin and Insertion
Origin- Transverse processes of 3rd - 6th cervical vertebrae (anterior tubercles)
Insertion- 1st rib
Anterior Scalene Palpation
Behind SCM, turn head toopposite side, inserts on 1st rib
Scalene Muscle Actions
Unilaterally - laterally flexes head and neck to same side, rotates head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally - elevates the ribs during inhalation, FLEX THE HEAD AND NECK (ANTERIOR)
Middle Scalene Origin and Insertion
Origin- Transverse processes of 2nd - 7th cervical vertebrae (posterior tubercles)
Insertion- 1st rib
Middle Scalene Palpation
Farther back than anterior scalene, turn head to opposite side, inserts on the 1st rib
Posterior Scalene Origin and Insertion
Origin-Transverse processes of 6th and 7th cervical vertebrae (posterior tubercles)
Insertion- 2nd rib
Posterior Scalene Palpation
Find levator scapula, deep muscle
Masseter Origin and Insertion
Origin- Zygomatic arch
Insertion- Angle and ramus of mandible
Masseter palpation
Follow zygomatic bone down, open/close jaw
Masseter action
Elevate the mandible, may assist in protracting the mandible
Temporalis Origin and Insertion
Origin- Temporal Fossa + Fascia
Insertion- Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of mandible
Temporalis Palpation
Go to zygomatic arch, go superior and clench teeth
Temporalis Action
Elevate the mandible (TMJ), retract the mandible (TMJ)
Erector Spinae Group Origin
Origin- Common tendon(thoracolumbar aponeurosis) that attaches to the posterior surface of sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of last 2 thoracic and lumbar
Erector Spinae Group Insertion
Insertion- Various attachments at the posterior ribs,
spinous and transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
and mastoid process of temporal bone
Erector Spinae Group Palpation
Partner prone, lay both hands on either side of vertebrae, have partner raise feet slightly off the table
Erector Spinae Group Action
Unilaterally - laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally - extend the vertebral column
Splenius Capitis Origin and Insertion
Origin- Inferior ½ of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 to T4
Insertion- Mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Splenius Capitis Palpation
Prone, have partner extend and relax head, palpate just lateral to trapezius
Splenius Capitis Action
Unilaterally - rotate the head and neck to the same side, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally - extend the head and neck
Quadratus Lumborum O I
Origin- Posterior iliac crest
Insertion- Last rib and transverse processes of 1st - 4th lumbar vertebrae
Quadratus Lumborum Palpation
Prone, locate the 12th rib, posterior iliac crest and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, ask partner to posteriorly tilt(elevate) his hip toward his shoulder
Quadratus Lumborum Action
Unilaterally - laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis, laterally flexes to the spine to the same side, assists to extend the vertebral column
Bilaterally - fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation
Rectus Abdominis Origin and Insertion
Origin- Pubic crest, pubic symphysis
Insertion- Cartilage of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs and xiphoid process
Rectus Abdominis Palpation
Partner supine with knees flexed, locate between xipohoid process and pubic crest and have person do small sit up
Rectus Abdominis Action
Flex the vertebral column, tilt the pelvis posteriorly
External Oblique Origin and Insertion
Origin- External surface of 5th -12th ribs
Insertion- Anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
External Oblique Palpation
Have partner lay supine with knees flexed, lay hand on left side of abdomen, ask partner to raise left shoulder toward right hip
External Oblique Action
Unilaterally - laterally flexes the vertebral column to same side, rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally - flex the vertebral column, compress abdominal contents
Internal Oblique Origin and insertion
Origin- Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion- Internal surface of lower 3 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Internal Oblique Palpation
Put hand on ribcage, have partner rotate to same side(it’s deep just know the general area)
Internal Oblique Action
Unilaterally - laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side, rotate vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally - flex the vertebral column, compress abdominal contents
Transverse Abdominis Origin and Insertion
Origin- Lateral Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower 6 ribs
Insertion- Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Transverse abdominis palpation
Put hand below belly button, have person pretend like they’re urinating the stopping midstream (deep, faint)
Transverse abdominis action
Compress abdominal contents
Diaphragm Origin and Insertion
Origin- Inner surface of lower 6ribs (costal attachment),upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae (lumbar attachment), inner part of xiphoid process(sternal attachment)
Insertion- Central tendon
Diaphragm Palpation
Partner supine, with knees bolstered, as partner exhales slowly curl fingers under edge of ribs
Diaphragm action
During inspiration the diaphragm contracts causing the central tendon to be drawn inferiorly which partially flattens the domes bilaterally
the result is it increases the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation
Intercostals Origin and Insertion
Origin- Inferior border of rib above
Insertion- Superior border of the rib below
Intercostals palpation
Partner supine, place fingers in space between ribs, ask partner to take several slow, deep breaths
Intercostals action
External intercostals - draw ribs superiorly, to assist with inhalation
Internal intercostals - draw ribs inferiorly, to assist with exhalation
