S7 L1 Pulmonary (Lung) Function Tests Flashcards
Pulmonary Function Test:
- When/why are they used?
- What do they measured?
- Instruments/methods used?
Peak Expiratory Flow
- What is this?
- How does it work/what does it measure?
- What are normal values?
- Factors that can change these valvues?
Spirometry:
- What is this test?
- What does it measure?
- What does it produce?
- Varies due to…
Definitions of Lung volumes and capacities:
- Inspiratory reserve volume
- Tidal volume
- Expiratory reserve volume
- Residual volume
- Inspiratory capacity
- Fucntional residual capacity
- Vital capacity
- Total lung capacity
- Tidal Volume: amount (volume) of air moving in and out of our lungs at rest
- Inspiratory reserve volume: additional amount of air can be inhaled after normal inspiration (ie how much more air we can breathe in above tidal volume)
- Expiratory reserve volume: additional amount of air can be exhaled after normal expiration (ie how much more air we can breathe out above tidal volume)
- Residual Volume: amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximum forceful expiration
- Inspiratory Capacity: total volume of air can be inspired following a normal expiration = to (tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume)
- Functional Residual Capacity: volume of air present lungs end of passive (ie not forced) expiration = Expiratory Reserve volume + Residual Volume
- Vital Capacity: volume air exhaled after maximum inspiration - sum of inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
- Total Lung Capacity (TLC): volume of air contained lungs at end of a maximal inspiration (TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV)
Spirometry:
- How does this work?
- Two ‘main things’ to get off the graph?
- Ratio that can be worked out…
- Conclusions that can be drawn from the ratio…
- What graphical forms can be made from spirometry?
- Volume air moved as a function of time – Volume-time plot;
- Rate of airflow as a function of volume of air in lungs – Flow-volume loop
Volume-time plot
- Draw the shape of the graph?
- What can you ‘take’ from the graph… each part…
Flow volume loop:
- What does it look like?
- What can you draw from it?
Spirometery can differientate between….. and ….
— give a list of diseases in both of these groups
What does TLCO test differentiate?
Obstructive vs Restrictive Summary before going through in more detail
- Characteristics
- Examples
- How is total lung capacity affected (or not)
- How is total forced vital capacity affected (or not)
- How is forced expiratory volume as 1 second (FEV1) affected (or not)
- Compare Volume/Time graph
- Compare flow-volume shape
- *Obstructive Lung disease:**
- How is FEV1 affected?
- Examples
- Key diagnostic finding
Asthma vs COPD
- How to differentiate between them?
Summary of Obstructive Defect:
- FVC
- FEV1
- FEV1/FVC ratio
- Volume-time graph
Summary of Obstructive Defect:
- Volume-time loop
- Shape of loop
- FEV1 on this
- *Restrictive Lung Disease:**
- How is FEV1 affected?
- How is FVC affected?
- TLC affected?
- Flow-volume loop?
Summary of Restrictive Lung Disease:
- TLC
- FVC
- FEV1
- FEV1/FVC ratio
- Volume-time graph
- Volume-time loop
DLCO
- What is this?
- Determines what…
- Provides information on…
- Can be decrease in which conditions?
- What does an abnormal DLCO with normal chest x-ray and spirometry suggest?
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
- What is this?
- How to test for it?
SUMMARY - Now all repeats..
- How do you differentiate different Restrictive Lung Diseases?
- Another summary table comparing Obstructive vs Restrictive, looking at FEV1, FVC, FEV1:FVC ratio
• Parenchymal lung diseases will have a restrictive pattern AND
abnormal DLCO
• Restrictive lung diseases related to abnormalities chest wall –
for example, kyphoscoliosis – normal DLCO
• Restrictive lung disease related to neuromuscular disease –
for example, myasthenia gravis, normal DLCO
SUMMARY - All repeats
- Volume-Time Plot Normal Lungs
- Volume-Time Plot different disease states
- Flow-volume loops in different disease states
GW:
- What does a Time-Volume graph look like if someone has: Submaxial effort, coughing, premature termination
