S2 L1 The Respiratory System Flashcards
Development of the respiratory System
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Nasal cavity:
- Role of nasal cavity?
- Describe the floor of the nasal cavity
- Nasal conkae? Role?
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The pharynx and larynx work together to ensure that food and air
enter the oesophagus and trachea respectively:
- What is ‘dangerous’ about the anatomy in this area?
- 3 sections of the phranyx - names and location
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Paranasal sinuses
- What is this?
- What is in a sinus?
- Example of a large sinus?
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What is the larynx?
- What does it look like
(lots of detail in H n N about this structure)
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Upper airways:
- Structure (of a cross-section at the point of C5)
- What is the conducting airways?
- Name the parts?
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Thoracic cavity:
- What is the bony thorax?
- No. of ribs?
- Which vertebrae?
- Describe the anatomy of the thorax (especially articulations)
- Describe the anatomy of the ribs
- Describe the pleural cavity
- Where does the lung extend up to?
- No free space within the thoracic cavity.
Close between lungs and ribs, so can see impression of ribs on lungs - Apex of each lung extends up in the
neck- neck injuries can damage the
thoracic cavity,
…if pressure down into supraclavicular
fossa, actually pushing down onto apex of lung!!
- Anatomy of the vertebrae and ribs
- Type of joint between vertebrae and ribs
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Movement of the chest wall during breathing:
- Movement 1
- Movement 2
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X-ray’s and the diaphragm
- Breathing in and out
- During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens
X-ray’s and the diaphragm
- Breathing in and out
- During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens
Diaphragm:
- Anatomy
- Diaphragm shape
- Clinical importance of the diaphragm’s shape
- Central tendinous region of the diaphragm and its importance
- Nerve supply
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Diaphragm:
- Attached to?
- Two sides of the diaphragm - name
- Which vessel passes under the diaphragm, and name of the anatomy of the diaphragm surrounding this part of the vessel?
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Intercostal muscles
- Name them
- Neurovascular bundle
- Why is neurovascular bundles relevant?
- Direction of fibres in each of the intercostal muscles
- When are the intercostal muscles needed?
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Diaphragm:
- Makes the boundary between what?
- Which structures penetrate the diaphragm
- Which thoracic level do they penetrate the diaphragm
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Accessory muscles of ventilation
- signs that can suggest other muscles are also helping with breathing…
- – for someone physiologically
- – for someone pathologically
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Neurovasculature of the thorax
- Where do the intercostal vessels sit
- Intercostal nerves role
- Intercostal space receive dual blood supply from…
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What ‘system’ is responsible for draining the intercostal space?
- Where does it drain into?
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Phrenic nerve route
- Involved in MI
- What does this mean for a specific symptom?
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Thoracic topography:
- Shape of lungs in different aspects and why
- Number of lobes in each lung
- How are the lobes separated?
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Aspirating foreign objects:
- Which side of the lung likely to reach and why?
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What do the medial aspect of R lung and medial aspect of L lung look like? (especially the hilum…)
- What are impressions?
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What is the hilum
- Arrangement of ____ in the lung hilum
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What is the mediastinum?
- Superior mediastinum
include contents and borders
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What are the contents of:
- Anterior mediastinum
- Middle mediastinum
- Posterior mediastinum
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Lung pleura:
- What is this?
- Label on pic
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What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
- Another name
- Why needed?
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Pulmonary blood supply:
- 2
- Role of both
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In pic 1:
- Point out normal ‘things’ on x-rays
In pic 2
- What has happened
With a stab injury, what things need to be considered?
Stab injury:
- Direction of blade
- Length of blade (how deep it went it)
