S5-Media and Connectors Flashcards
IEEE 802.3 Standard
a set of standards that define the physical and data link layer’s Media access control (MAC) for ethernet.
What types of cables are defined under the IEEE 802.3 standard?
Copper cables
- Twisted pair
- Coaxial
- Twinaxial
- Direct Attack Copper (DAC)
Fiber optic
Twisted Pair
Type of wiring where 2 conductors of a single circuit are twisted together to cancel out EMI.
What are the 2 types of twisted pair cables?
- Unshielded (UTP)
- Shielded (STP)
What some characteristics of UTP cables?
- lightweight
- Flexible
- low cost
- more susceptible to EMI/Noise
What are some characteristics of STP cables?
- Shielding adds a protective layer against EMI
- Better signal quality
- thicker cables
- more expensive
What are the twisted pair categories?
- CAT 5
- CAT 5e
- CAT 6
- CAT 6a
- CAT 7
- CAT 8
CAT 5 specs
- 100 Mbs
- 100m max
- 100 MHz
- 100 BASE-T (Fast Ethernet)
CAT 5e Specs
- 1 Gbs
- 100m max
- 100 MHz
- 1000 BASTE-T (Gigabit Ethernet)
CAT 6 Specs
- 1 Gbs / 100m
- 10 Gbs / 55m
- 250 MHz
- 10G BASE-T (10-Gigabit Ethernet)
CAT 6a Specs
- 10 Gbs
- 100m max
- 500 MHz
- 10G BASE-T
CAT 7 Specs
- 10 Gbs
- 100m max
- 600 MHz
- 10G BASE-T
CAT 8 specs
- 10 Gbs, 25Gbs, 40Gbs
- 30m max
- 2000 MHz
- 40G BASE-T
- Designed for short distance high-speed data transfer
Coaxial (Coax) Cable
Single copper conductor core with an insulating layer and conductive shielding
RG-6
Coax cable type that supports faster internet speeds when using a cable modem
- 1Gbs / 300m
RG-59
Older Coax cable that only used in analog video and closed circuit TV.
Direct Attach Copper (DAC)
A form of fixed assembly copper cabling used to connect switches to routers/servers.
DAC Specs
Active DAC
- 100 Gbs / 15m or less
Passive DAC
- 100 Gbs / 7m or less
DAC
- supports 10Gbs, 40Gbs, 100Gbs
Twin axial Cable
Often a component of a DAC.
A Specialized form of cabling that features 2 insulated copper conductor cores running parallel.
- used for Small form factor pluggable SFP+ and QSFP
- less susceptible to EMi
Twin axial Specs
- 10Gbps / 100m
- 25 Gbps
- 40 Gbps
- 100 Gbps / 7m
Plenum Cable
Cables designed with fire-retardant plastic jackets made from PVC or FEP.
- reduces smoke
- reduces spread of fire
What is a Registered Jack (RJ-x)
Standardized network interface for connecting voice and data equipment to a service provider.
What is Radio Guide (RG-x)
Used with coax cables for high-speed internet, TV and radio connections
RJ-11
Standard for telephone wiring
- 6P2C config
- ideal for telephone
- not ideal for highspeed data transmission
What is a 6P2C configuration.
“6 position, 2 conductor”
means that a cable’s connector can support up to 6 slots for pins but only 2 slots are used.
RJ - 45
Standard connector for data networks
- 8P8C config
- widely used in LANs
- supports high speed data transfer
F-type Connector
Standard cable for TV and Satellite connections/ can be used for cable internet
- screw on
Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC) Connector
Coax connector with a secure bayonet locking mechanism
- push n twist
Straight-through Cable (Patch Cable)
Contains the exact same pinout on both ends of a cable
- 568B - 568B
- Connects to DTEs to DCEs and vice versa
Patch cable 568B wiring scheme
P1- striped orange
P2 - orange
P3 - striped Green
P4 - Blue
P5 - Striped Blue
P6 - Green
P7 - Striped Brown
P8 - Brown
What is a DTE
“Data Terminal Equipment”
End point devices that connect to a piece of data communications equipment
Eg. laptops, desktops, servers and routers
What is a DCE
“Data Communications Equipment”
Modems, Hubs, Switches, Bridges
What devices do patch cables connect?
DTEs to DCEs
DCEs to DTEs
What devices do Crossover cables connect?
DTEs to DTEs
DCEs to DCEs
Crossover Cables
Swaps the send and receive pins on the other end of the cable when the connector and its pinout are created
- 568A -568B
What is MDIX
“Medium Dependent Interface Crossover”
Automated way to electronically simulate a crossover cable even if using a patch cable
Crossover cable wiring scheme
568A - orange and green pairs are swapped ( pins 1,2,3 and 6)
- Striped green
- Green
- striped orange
- blue
- striped blue
- orange
- striped brown
- brown
Fiber Media
Transmits data using light
- use light from LED/Lasers
- immune to EMI
- Extended Data transmission ranges
- Higher Data transfer speeds
- higher complexity
- higher cost
Single-Mode fiber (SMF)
Designed for long distance communication and has a single 8.3 - 10 micron diameter glass core.
- light travels down a single path
- ideal for back bone installs
- large networks
- long distance connections
Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF)
Shorter distance application, features larger fiber core size 50 to 100 microns.
- multiple light paths
- ideal for short distances
- limited transmission distances
- lower cost
How can you tell between an SMF and MMF cable?
SMF - yellow sheath
MMF - Aqua blue or Orange sheath
What are some connector types used in Fiber optic networks?
- SC (Subscriber Connector)
- LC
- ST
- MTRJ
- MPO
Subscriber Connector (SC)
Square shaped connector with a push-pull design. secure and simple mechanism
“stick and Click”
- ease of use
- durable
Lucent Connector (LC)
Compact connector with a push pull design
“love connector”
- smaller form factor
- ideal for high density applications
-
Straight Tip connector (ST)
Round shaped connector with a twist-lock mechanism
“stick and Twist”
- robust and reliable
- ideal connector in high movement/vibration environments
- commonly used with multi-mode
- ideal for outdoor applications
Mechanical Transfer-Registered jack (MTRJ)
Small, rectangular design that houses transmit and receive fibers on a single connector.
- ideal in space constrained applications
- has high density capabilities
- dual fiber connector is good for space and cost
Multi-Fiber Push On (MPO)
Accommodates multiple fibers in a single connector to increase capacity and flexibility on fiber networks.
- normally contains 12+ fibers in one connector
- ideal for high density applications
- used for back bone cabling in data centers
- rapid scalability
What is back reflection in Fiber?
Light traveling through a fiber optic cable is reflected back towards the source.
What are the three Fiber optic polishing types?
- Ultra physical contact (UPC)
- Physical Contact (PC)
- Angled physical contact (APC)
What is Fiber optic Polishing?
Crucial process in fiber optic termination that prepares the end faces of optical fibers for optimal performance.
Physical Contact (PC)
- slight curvature in the face of the fiber to lower back refection
- commonly used in digital and telephone services
- provide least effective reduction in BR
Ultra Physical Contact (UPS)
- dome shaped end face for better core alignment
- better BR reduction than PC
- used in general broadband, data and video applications
Angled Physical Contact (APC)
- uses an 8 degree angled polish on end face
- lowest amount of BR
- ideal for high bandwidth and long distance applications
- used in long haul fiber installs (under sea cabling)
What is a Transceiver?
Any device that can transmit AND receive
What is a Protocol?
Set of rules and standards that govern how data is transmitted and received over a network.
What are the 2 main network protocols?
- Ethernet
- Fibre Channel
Ethernet
Networking technologies commonly used in LANs, MANs, and WANs
Fibre Channel (FC)
High-speed Network tech primarily used to connect computer data storage to servers in storage area networks
What do Transceivers do?
- Convert or translate data sent by one protocol to another protocol
- convert network connections between different types, even within the same protocol
- convert long distance fiber connection into copper connection
What are some transceiver form factors?
- SFP
- SFP+
- QSFP
- QSFP+
- QSFP28
- QSFP56
SFP
“Small form factor pluggable”
- 4.25Gbps
- compact
- hot pluggable
SFP+
Faster SFP
- compact
- 16 Gbps
QSFP
“Quad Small Form Factor Pluggable”
- 40 Gbps
- compact
- Hot Pluggable
QSFP+
Slightly Faster QSFP
- 41.2 Gbps
-
QSFP28
Faster QSFP
- 100 Gbps
QSFP56
- 200 Gbps
