S4C8 Flashcards
Who made up the Greek ferry project?
69% women and children
21% single parents with minors
15% pregnant or post-partum (<4 weeks)
>5000 unaccompanied asylum seeking children (UASC)
What are the health statistics surrounding pregnant African women seeking asylum in the uk?
Seven times more likely to develop complication
Three times more likely to die
What is utilitarianism?
A form of consequentialism where outcome is more important than actions
Aim to maximise the good
Utility - Human welfare
Aims to maximise human welfare
What are barriers stopping migrants accessing NHS care?
NHS complexity
Requirement to register
Language and culture
Suitable ID
Transport costs/ Phone credit
Telephone triage
New migrants may not
Understand entitlements
Recognise or prioritise health
Be aware of preventative strategies
Mental health
Difficulty engaging, shame, and stigma
Self-referral only in crisis
Fears of:
Charging
Sharing informationWhat are virtue ethics?
Collection of normative ethical philosophies that focus on how we ought to act
Being rather than doing
Morality stems from character of individual
How is the mental health of children affected living in poverty?
Children living in poverty have 4x more mental illness by age 11
How can negative emotions affects surgery?
Negative emotions before surgery are common
Anxiety and depression predict postoperative pain
Negative emotions can increase perception of pain
Stress is associated with impaired healing
Higher anxiety may find it more difficult to understand information and follow instructions which could prolong procedure
How do you prepare patients by providing behavioural instructions?
Telling people what they should do Examples: How soon to start walking after Techniques for effective pain control How to act without damaging surgery site
What information should be provided before a surgery?
Procedural information
What, when and how?
Reduce anxiety by eliminating unexpected anxiety-provoking events
Sensory information
What it will feel like, look like, sound like, taste like?
Goal to reduce discrepancy between expected and actual sensation
What is BPH?
Benignprostatic hyperplasia(increase in the number of cells) or hypertrophy(increase in size of cells)
What is BPE?
A benign (non-cancerous)enlargementor growth of theprostategland.
Why is the IPSS scale used to measure prostate symptoms?
The first is in trials where outcomes can be measured and compared between different studies.
Affects Treatment decision:
So <8 are mild symptoms and can be monitored.
Moderate (8-19) and severe (20+) symptoms may require medical treatment as more likely to deteriorate
How does BPH link with age?
One of the commonest disease that affect men beyond middle age.
Linear increase of pathological BPH with age, so that by time reach 100, 100% will have it.
However, not all symptomatic.
Age and testosterone are requirements for prostate enlargement.
Even fewer will end up needing surgery as 80% of symptomatic patients will be treated with medical or no treatment.
What is the pathogenesis of BPH?
Various growth factors
Proliferation of prostate glands smooth muscle connective stroma
Essential requirements: age + testosterone
Theory is the flow of urine through the bend in the prostatic urethra causes minor trauma in the urothelium. This causes the release of growth factors which causes the proliferation of prostate glands, smooth muscle and connective tissue
Lack of apoptosis
What are the treatments available for BPH?
Alpha-1 blockers
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
Combination
