S4. The "Stasisation" of the World

Question 1

What does the title “Statisation of the World” talking about?

Answer 1

It is talking about how states are coming back, and states are reclaiming of what they have lost in terms of economic power, social power, and even military power.

Question 2

Argued that power is the primary goal and driving force in international relations. States seek to maximize their power to ensure their survival and security. As such, states tend to act in ways that enhance their power and security. He believes that states tend to act based on their interests rather than moral considerations.

Answer 2

Hans J. Morgenthau’s “Politics Among Nations”

Question 3

Argues that a nation is a community socially constructed by those who perceive themselves as part of that group. Despite its members never meeting, they share a sense of comradeship.

Answer 3

Benedict Anderson “Imagined Communities” (1983)

Question 4

This system established the concept of sovereign states with exclusive authority over their own territories and the principle of non-interference in the domestic affairs of other states.

Answer 4

Westphalian Sovereignty

Question 5

What are the other key points when it comes to Westphalian Sovereignty?

Answer 5

1. Sovereignty → each state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory and no external power has the right to intervene in its internal affairs.
2. Equality of States → All states, regardless of size or power, are considered equal under international law.
3. Non-interference → states should not interfere in the domestic affairs of other states.
4. Mutual Recognition → States recognize each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity

Question 6

Presents the state as a powerful entity created to ensure peace and security in a world characterized by a state of nature, which he describes as a state of perpetual war of “every man against every man”

Answer 6

Thomas Hobbes “Leviathan” (1651)

Question 7

Argues that the success of social movements depends on their ability to acquire and utilize resources effectively.

Answer 7

Charles Tilly’s Resource Mobilization Theory

Question 8

The use of disruptive techniques, such as protests, strikes, and demonstrations, to make political claims.

Answer 8

Charles Tilly’s Contentious Politics

Question 9

involves the shift from personalistic rule,where power and resources are controlled by a group or family, to a system where they are managed collectively and transparently, benefiting the broader public.

Answer 9

De-patrimonialization

Question 10

This denotes the separation of religion from state affairs, ensuring that national interests and governmental policies are based on secular, not religious considerations. This shift promotes inclusivity and impartial governance.

Answer 10

Secularization

Question 11

Process entails defining the state’s interests based on objective, rational criteria, rather than personal or irrational motives.

Answer 11

Rationalization of National Interests

Question 12

Provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the diverse ways in which national interests can be conceptualized and the implications for international relations

Answer 12

Dario Battistella, Three Understanding of “National Interests”

Question 13

National interests are defined by the balance of power and the strategic needs of the state to ensure its survival and security.

Answer 13

Realist Perspective

Question 14

National interests are shaped by the demands and values of society, including economic prosperity, democratic principles, and human rights. The state, as the representative of civil society, must be able to defend their interests on the international scale.

Answer 14

Liberal Perspective

Question 15

National interests are constructed through the identity and representation of the state, influenced by its interactions with other states and its self-perception within the international system.

Answer 15

Constructivism Perspective

Question 16

Originally referred to countries that were not aligned with either the first world (capitalist, economically developed led by the US) or the Second world (communist states led by the Soviet Union). These countries, many of which were newly independent from colonial rule, formed a diverse group with varying political, economic and social conditions.

Answer 16

The term “Third World” by Alfred Sauvy

Question 17

This convention established the standard definition of state under international law.
- Being permanently populated
- Controlling a defined territory
- Having a government
- Being capable of entering into relationships with other states

Answer 17

Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States

Question 18

Described entities that declare independence and operate with a government but lack widespread recognition from other states and international organizations

Answer 18

Non-recognized states (introduced by Sammuel Huntington)

Question 19

Refers to nations that are considered to pose a threat to international peace and security due to their actions. These states are often characterized by: Authoritarian or Totalitarian Governments, Support for Terrorism, Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Violation of International Norms

Answer 19

Rogue States

Question 20

A political entity that does not represent a fully autonomous sovereign state with its own institutions. These entities may have some degree of self-governance and control over their territory, but they lack full international recognition and the complete attributes of statehood.

Answer 20

Quasi-States

Question 21

Refers to a contemporary form of sovereignty, emphasizing the importance of national sovereignty and control over domestic affairs in the face of globalization and supranational entities. This concept often involves advocating for the reassertion of national control and resisting external influences that are perceived as undermining national autonomy.

Answer 21

Neo-Sovereignism

Question 22

Refers to a form of international cooperation where countries agree to cede some degree of sovereignty to a higher authority, typically in the interest of achieving common goals and ensuring mutual benefits. This authority has the power to make decisions that are binding on its member states.

Answer 22

Supranationalism