S2. Unbalance and Inequality in the Espace Mondial

Question 1

In this session, how many umbrella terms for unbalance did we talk about? What were each of them about?

Answer 1

1. Demographic Unbalance
2. Socio-Economic Inequalities
3. Ecological Unbalance

Question 2

In terms of demographic unbalanace, what were the two kinds of demographic unbalance that we tackled?

Answer 2

We tackled structure and evolution

Question 3

What does structure talked about?

Answer 3

Structure talks about the inequality in geographical distribution and density. In terms of the world’s overall population density, about 54 inhabitants per square.

Question 4

What does evolution talk about?

Answer 4

Evolution has three factors into evolution:
(1) Numbers - Unprecedented increase of the world population
(2) Age - People over 65 will outnumber those under 18 by 2.2 billion by the end of 2070s
(3) Urbanization - a growth in the population towards living in cities

Question 5

What are the three types of inequalities in international relations?

Answer 5

The three types of inequalities in international relations are:
1. International Inequalities - Differences between states via GDP per capita in purchasing power parity
2. Internal inequality - measured by the the Gini Index
3. Global inequalities - Gaps between individuals within the world population via global Gini Index

Question 6

What does inequality in mobility talked about?

Answer 6

That some people can migrate way easier than others.

Question 7

A person who leaves his/her of usual residence to settle temporarily or permanently and for various reasons either in his or her country (internal migrants) or in another country.

Answer 7

Migrant

Question 8

Someone who is forced to migrate because of persecution or for political reasons. In this case, the state is not enough to protect you.

Answer 8

Refugee

Question 9

Someone who does not have any nationality

Answer 9

Statelessness

Question 10

What are the usual causes when it comes to migration?

Answer 10

1) Demography
2) Political Crisis
3) Environmental Reasons

Question 11

What are the two kinds of causes when it comes to Inequality?

Answer 11

1. Cyclical causes: temporary and the result of a combination of circumstance
2. Structural causes: long-lasting, with long-term effects and based on a set of elements and links interconnected in time and space

Question 12

What are the two kinds of inequalities?

Answer 12

1. Cyclical inequalities - biological complexion, degree of exposure to the epidemic
2. Structural inequalities - the recession in 1929 lead to the increase in poverty and extreme poverty and therefore an impact on health, education and income

Question 13

A framework for understanding how various forms of inequality and discrimination intersect and overlap.

Answer 13

Intersectionality

Question 14

Who coined the term of intersectionality?

Answer 14

Coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, it’s a tool for recognizing that these identities aren’t isolated; they compound and influence each other, creating complex layers of social dynamics.

Question 15

Who was the president that introduced the Point Four Program in his second inaugural address on January 20, 1949?

Answer 15

Harry S. Truman

Question 16

What program talked about the broader vision to address global poverty and promote international development. It aimed to share US technical knowledge and expertise with underdeveloped countries to help them improve their economies and raise living standards.

Answer 16

The Point Four Program

Question 17

What is the other term that emphasizes the role of Capitalism in driving environmental changes? It argues that the industrial capitalist system, with its focus on profit and resource extraction, is the primary cause of ecological crises

Answer 17

Capitalocene

Question 18

Coined by French politician Sandrine Rousseau, this term links environmental degradation to patriarchal structures. It suggests that male-dominated systems and behaviors have significantly contributed to ecological issues?

Answer 18

Androcene

Question 19

Introduced by scholars like Donna Haraway, this concept connects ecological destruction to the history of plantations and colonialism. It highlights how colonial agricultural practices and the exploitation of both land and labor have shaped the current environmental landscape.

Answer 19

Plantationocene