S3. Espace Mondial shaped by Globalization: turbulence and governance

Question 1

How is globalization discussed in this session?

Answer 1

Globalization is discussed as not a new phenomenon. In fact, we have had many waves of globalization in history. Among the waves of globalization include colonial expansion.

Question 2

What century does the first globalization happens because there is a reduction of transport costs? With the development of railroads, technological changes that which made it easier for people to trade goods.

Answer 2

Globalization in the end of the 19th century

Question 3

What other events marked the globalization in the end of the 19th century

Answer 3

Financial integration started to accelerate because we have established the gold standard, this contributed to explosion of trade. Exchange rate was therefore stabilized, and it became easier for people to trade.

Another event is the interconnectedness between societies and not just economies. This is largely because the emergence of mass media (newspaper, radios). Society then started to know more about each other.

Question 4

What are the two kinds of globalization that this session introduced to us?

Answer 4

1. Globalization Modality (Capitalism)
2. Globalization Principle (Communication)

Question 5

What kind of globalization that has two waves. The first wave was industrialization and came to end in WWI. The second wave was protectionism where trade was more regionalize and after the WWII it was supported by the Bretenwood agreement.

Answer 5

Globalization Modality (Capitalism)

Question 6

What kind of globalization talks about the increased communication and the increase in mass media.

Answer 6

Globalization principle (Communication)

Question 7

Was coined by the Canadian media theorist Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s. It describes the phenomenon of the entire world becoming more interconnected as a result of the propagation of media technologies.

Answer 7

Global village

Question 8

A term that describes the slowing down of globalization. It refers to the reduction in the pace of global integration, which includes trade, capital flows, and international cooperation.

Answer 8

Slowbalization

Question 9

When did the trend of slowbalization started happened?

Answer 9

Slowbalization started to happen since the global financial crisis of 2008 and it has been further influenced by factors such as geopolitical tensions, the COVID-19 pandemic, and a growing emphasis on sustainability.

Question 10

Who is the prominent economist that discuss the concept of four kinds of globalizations?

Answer 10

Dani Rodrik

Question 11

What concept talks about the political trilemma of the global economy? According to this concept, it is impossible to achieve full economic integration, national sovereignty, and democratic politics simultaneously.

Answer 11

Feasible Globalizations

Question 12

What are the four kinds of globalization that Dani Rodrik talked about?

Answer 12

1. Globalization à la Washington Consensus
2. Globalization à la Bretton Woods
3. Globalization à la European Union
4. Globalization à la Feasible Globalizations

Question 13

This model emphasizes full economic integration with minimal government intervention, prioritizing global markets over national policies

Answer 13

Globalization à la Washington Consensus

Question 14

This approach involves a balance between economic integration and national sovereignty, with some global rules and institutions to manage economic interactions.

Answer 14

Globalization à la Bretton Woods

Question 15

This model combines economic integration with supranational governance, where member states cede some sovereignty to a higher authority for collective decision-making.

Answer 15

Globalization à la European Union

Question 16

Rodrik proposes a more pragmatic approach that allows for economic integration while preserving national sovereignty and democratic decision-making

Answer 16

Globalization à la Feasible Globalizations

Question 17

Who is the author that emphasizes the idea of “revolution of all parameters” suggesting that multiple dimensions of global politics are undergoing simultaneous transformation, rather than changes occurring in isolation.

Answer 17

James N. Rosenau

Question 18

What are organizations where multi-individual member states transcend national boundaries or interests to share in decision-making and governance. In essence, these entities have authority that extends beyond the individual countries that make up the union.

Answer 18

supranational organizations

Question 19

What political aspect is where individuals are considered political actors.

Answer 19

Micro-political (individual)

Question 20

What political aspect considers the fact that states are becoming more dependent towards international organizations and towards international networks that are not alliances only but also another.

Answer 20

macro-political (structural)

Question 21

What political aspect considers the fact that today, global affairs involved a large number of new entities that can influence diplomacy and that can influence more generally the evolution of global affairs.

Answer 21

Macro-micro political

Question 22

Are political systems that maintain the facade of democratic institutions and procedures, such as holding elections, but undermine democratic principles and practices. In these systems, rulers often ignore or bypass constitutional limits on their power, manipulate elections and restrict individual rights and freedoms.

Answer 22

Illiberal democracies

Question 23

What are some examples of illiberal democracies?

Answer 23

• Hungary: Under Prime Minister Viktor Orban, Hungary has been cited as an example of illiberal democracy, where democratic institutions are undermined while maintaining the appearance of democracy
  -Turkey: Under President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey has seen a decline in democratic practices and an increase in authoritarian measures.

Question 24

What are the three dominant types of warfare?

Answer 24

The three dominant types of warfare are:
1. Asymmetrical: there is a big difference of power between two states.
2. Counter-insurrectional: between a state vs group or

Question 25

What type of warfare where there is a big difference of power between two states?

Answer 25

Asymmetrical

Question 26

What type of warfare where it is between a state vs group or a state vs a collapsed state that continues to struggle for an insurrection?

Answer 26

Counter-insurrectional

Question 27

What type of warfare is it when it is a localized conflict with two regional powers fighting each other?

Answer 27

Regional War

Question 28

What are the three missions when it comes to Brandt Commission on Global Governance 1995

Answer 28

The three missions are
1. Managing resources
2. Protecting global public goods
3. Ensuring global solidarity

Question 29

What term which typically refers to a period of excessive and unrestrained speculation in financial markets, where investors engage in risky and often irrational behavior, driving up assert prices to unsustainable levels?

Answer 29

Speculative Orgy

Question 30

The ability of powerful actors to shape and determine the structures of the global political economy, influencing the behavior and capabilities of actor within that system?

Answer 30

the idea of structural power