S4 - Physics Test (2) Flashcards
1
Q
What is an atom made of?
A
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
2
Q
Where are each of the components that make up an atom found in the atom?
A
Nucleus = Protons & Neutrons
Orbiting the Nucleus = Electrons
3
Q
What charge do each of the components that make up an atom have?
A
Proton = positive
Electron = negative
Neutron = no charge
4
Q
Where is an atoms mass concentrated?
A
The nucleus
5
Q
When do we say an atom is neutral?
A
When they have the same no. of protons and electrons
6
Q
What happens when objects with the same and opposite charges interact?
A
Same = Repel
Opposite = Attract
7
Q
What are charged particles surrounded by and what happens when another particle enters it?
A
- An electric field
- Experiences a force
8
Q
What direction is the flow of charge (current) in a circuit going in?
A
Negative to positive
9
Q
What symbol does charge have, what is it measured in and what is the unit of measurement for it?
A
- Q
- Coulombs
- C
10
Q
What are the 2 types of circuits?
A
- Parallel
- Series
11
Q
What are the rules for a parallel circuit?
A
- Current splits up across the branches
- Current doesn’t split equally unless components are identical
- Any current read before the first branch is known as the supply current
12
Q
What are the rules for a series circuit?
A
- The current is the same at all points
13
Q
Where are the following connected in a circuit:
- Volt meter
- Ammeter
- Ohmmeter
A
- In parallel
- In series
- in parallel
14
Q
What is the function of a:
- voltmeter
- ammeter
- ohmmeter
A
- Measure the potential difference (voltage)
- Measure the current
- Measure the resistance
15
Q
What is current?
A
The electrical charge transferred per unit time
16
Q
What is the symbol for current, what is it measured in and what is the unit of measurement for it?
A
- I
- Amperes
- A
17
Q
What are the 2 types of current?
A
Direct & Alternating
18
Q
What is the difference between the 2 types of currents?
A
- D.C = Flow of charged particles is always in the same direction (- to +)
- A.C = Flow of charged particles changes direction many times per second
19
Q
D.C appliances are…
A.C appliances can…
A
…either on or off
…operate at the highest value, lowest value or anything in between
20
Q
In an identical circuit the current…
A
…splits equally
21
Q
What is the symbol for resistance, what is it measured in and what is the unit of measurement for it?
A
- R
- Ohms
- Ω
22
Q
What are the different types of resistors?
A
- Resistor
- Variable Resistor
- L.D resistor (L.D.R)
- Thermistor
23
Q
What is the symbol for potential difference, what is it measured in and what is the unit of measurement for it?
A
- V
- Volts
- V
24
Q
Voltage in series is…
A
split between components
25
How is voltage split in an identical series circuit?
Equally between all components
26
The voltage across parallel circuits...
stays the same across all branches
27
When does voltage not stay the same across all branches in a parallel circuit?
When there is more than one component on the branch
28
What is the symbol for power, what is it measured in and what is the unit of measurement for it?
- P
- Watts
- W
29
What are the parts that make up an electronic system?
- Input
- Process
- Output
30
What does the first stage of an electronic system do?
Picks up the input signals correctly
31
What does the second stage of an electronic system do?
Understands are processes the info.
32
What does the third stage of an electronic system do?
Outputs a signal that makes sense
33
What are the two types of electrical signals?
- Analogue
- Digital
34
What is the difference between analogue and digital signals?
Digital signals are either on or off whereas analogue signals can be anywhere between on and off
35
What is a solenoid?
An application of an electromagnet
36
What is a relay switch?
An electronic switch
37
What is a potential divider circuit and what does it do?
- A series circuit turned on its side
- It divides the total potential difference (supply voltage)
38
What are the circuit rules for potential divider circuits?
- Current is equal at all points
- Voltage is split
- Resistance can be added
39
What is the equation to find the potential difference in a potential divider circuit?
V = R1/R1+R2 x Vs
40
What are electronic diodes used for?
To control the direction of current in circuits
41
What must an LED must be placed in series with and why?
- A resistor
- Could explode due to too much current getting to it
42
What is a capacitor?
An electronic component which stores charge
43
What is the symbol for capacitance, what is it measured in and what is the symbol for the units of measurement?
- C
- Farads
- F
44
What 2 factors affect how fast a capacitor fully charges?
- The capacitance of the capacitor; higher the capacitance, the greater the time to charge
- The resistance of the resistor
45
What are the 2 types of transistor circuits?
- NPN
- MOSFET
46
What is the switch on voltage for the 2 types of transistor circuits?
- Equal to or greater than 0.7V
- Equal to or greater than 2
47
What 7 points are used to describe how a switching circuit turns on an LED when the LDR is in the upper half of the circuit?
- light across LDR increases
- Resistance of LDR decreases
- voltage across LDR decreases
- voltage across resistor increases
- voltage across transistor increases
- when voltage is equal to or greater than 0.7V the transistor switches on
- the LED switches on
48
What 6 points are used to describe how a switching circuit turns on an LED when the LDR is in the bottom half of the circuit?
- light across LDR decreases
- resistance of LDR increases
- voltage across LDR increases
- voltage across transistor increases
- when voltage is equal to or greater than 0.7V the transistor switches on
- the LED switches on
49
What 6 points are used to describe how a switching circuit turns on an LED when the thermistor is in the bottom half of the circuit?
- temp. across thermistor decreases
- resistance of therm. increases
- voltage across therm. increases
- voltage across transistor increases
- when voltage is equal to or greater than 0.7V the transistor switches on
- the LED switches on
50
What 7 points are used to describe how a switching circuit turns on an LED when the thermistor is in the upper half of the circuit?
- temp. across thermistor increases
- resistance across therm. decreases
- voltage across therm. decreases
- voltage across resistor increases
- voltage across transistor increases
- when voltage is equal to or greater than 0.7V the transistor switches on
- the LED switches on
51
What are the properties we consider when a gas is in a sealed container?
- pressure
- temp.
- volume
52
What is the pressure law equation?
P = F/A
53
What is the symbol and the units of measurement for pressure, force and area?
- P
- Pa
- F
- N
- A
- m^2
54
What is the relation between pressure and area?
They are inversely proportional
55
When will the maximum pressure be created?
When the force is applied through the smallest area
56
What happens when the vol. of a container is decreased?
The area is decreased and the particles collide with the walls more often
57
What is the relation to pressure and volume?
They are inversely proportional
58
When do solid, liquid and gas particles have kinetic energy?
When their temp. is greater than absolute zero
59
What happens at absolute zero?
All particle motions stops
60
What does absolute zero equal?
0k or -273oC
61
What is a change in 1K equal to in oC?
1oC
62
How do you change from K to oC / oC to K
-273 / +273
63
Why does pressure increase when the temp. increases?
- the particles have a greater Ek
- the particles velocity increases
- the particles will collide with the walls of the container more often
- the av. force applied to the container will increase
- since P=F/A. force increases so area remains constant and the pressure must increase
64
What is the definition for specific heat capacity?
The energy required to heat 1Kg of a material by 1oC
65
What is the symbol for energy, mass, Δ temp. and specific heat capacity and what are each measured in?
- E, m, ΔT, c
- J, kg, oC, Jkg^-1 oC^-1
66
What is the symbol for energy and what is it measure in?
E
Joules (J)
67
What is the law of conservation state?
- energy cannot be created or destroyed
- energy can be transformed from one form to another
68
What are the 7 forms of energy?
- Heat
- Light
- Kinetic
- Potential
- Chemical
- Sound
- Electrical
69
What is potential energy?
The energy an object has as it’s raised through a height
70
What is kinetic energy?
Movement energy
71
What is work done?
The amount of energy required to move an object over a distance when a force is applied
72
What is the definition of weight?
A measure of the affect of gravities pull on an object
73
What is the definition of mass?
A measure of how much ‘stuff’ an object is made up of
74
What is the symbol for weight and mass and what are they measure in?
W & M
Newtons(N) & Kg
75
What is the symbol for gravitational field strength and what is it measure in?
g & N Kg^-1
76
What is latent heat?
The energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance
77
What is latent heat of vaporisation?
The energy required to change 1kg of a liquid to a gas and vice versa
78
What is latent heat of fusion?
The energy required to change 1kg of a solid to a liquid and vice versa
79
What is the equation for latent heat?
Eh = m/I
80
What are the symbols and units for energy, mass and specific latent heat?
- Eh, J
- m, kg
- I, Jkg^-1
81
What is potential difference?
Voltage
