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Physics > S4 - Physics Test (2) > Flashcards

S4 - Physics Test (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom made of?

A

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

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2
Q

Where are each of the components that make up an atom found in the atom?

A

Nucleus = Protons & Neutrons
Orbiting the Nucleus = Electrons

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3
Q

What charge do each of the components that make up an atom have?

A

Proton = positive
Electron = negative
Neutron = no charge

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4
Q

Where is an atoms mass concentrated?

A

The nucleus

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5
Q

When do we say an atom is neutral?

A

When they have the same no. of protons and electrons

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6
Q

What happens when objects with the same and opposite charges interact?

A

Same = Repel
Opposite = Attract

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7
Q

What are charged particles surrounded by and what happens when another particle enters it?

A
  • An electric field
  • Experiences a force
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8
Q

What direction is the flow of charge (current) in a circuit going in?

A

Negative to positive

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9
Q

What symbol does charge have, what is it measured in and what is the unit of measurement for it?

A
  • Q
  • Coulombs
  • C
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10
Q

What are the 2 types of circuits?

A
  • Parallel
  • Series
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11
Q

What are the rules for a parallel circuit?

A
  • Current splits up across the branches
  • Current doesn’t split equally unless components are identical
  • Any current read before the first branch is known as the supply current
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12
Q

What are the rules for a series circuit?

A
  • The current is the same at all points
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13
Q

Where are the following connected in a circuit:
- Volt meter
- Ammeter
- Ohmmeter

A
  • In parallel
  • In series
  • in parallel
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14
Q

What is the function of a:
- voltmeter
- ammeter
- ohmmeter

A
  • Measure the potential difference (voltage)
  • Measure the current
  • Measure the resistance
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15
Q

What is current?

A

The electrical charge transferred per unit time

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16
Q

What is the symbol for current, what is it measured in and what is the unit of measurement for it?

A
  • I
  • Amperes
  • A
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17
Q

What are the 2 types of current?

A

Direct & Alternating

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18
Q

What is the difference between the 2 types of currents?

A
  • D.C = Flow of charged particles is always in the same direction (- to +)
  • A.C = Flow of charged particles changes direction many times per second
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19
Q

D.C appliances are…
A.C appliances can…

A

…either on or off
…operate at the highest value, lowest value or anything in between

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20
Q

In an identical circuit the current…

A

…splits equally

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21
Q

What is the symbol for resistance, what is it measured in and what is the unit of measurement for it?

A
  • R
  • Ohms
  • Ω
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22
Q

What are the different types of resistors?

A
  • Resistor
  • Variable Resistor
  • L.D resistor (L.D.R)
  • Thermistor
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23
Q

What is the symbol for potential difference, what is it measured in and what is the unit of measurement for it?

A
  • V
  • Volts
  • V
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24
Q

Voltage in series is…

A

split between components

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25
Q

How is voltage split in an identical series circuit?

A

Equally between all components

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26
Q

The voltage across parallel circuits…

A

stays the same across all branches

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27
Q

When does voltage not stay the same across all branches in a parallel circuit?

A

When there is more than one component on the branch

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28
Q

What is the symbol for power, what is it measured in and what is the unit of measurement for it?

A
  • P
  • Watts
  • W
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29
Q

What are the parts that make up an electronic system?

A
  • Input
  • Process
  • Output
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30
Q

What does the first stage of an electronic system do?

A

Picks up the input signals correctly

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31
Q

What does the second stage of an electronic system do?

A

Understands are processes the info.

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32
Q

What does the third stage of an electronic system do?

A

Outputs a signal that makes sense

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33
Q

What are the two types of electrical signals?

A
  • Analogue
  • Digital
34
Q

What is the difference between analogue and digital signals?

A

Digital signals are either on or off whereas analogue signals can be anywhere between on and off

35
Q

What is a solenoid?

A

An application of an electromagnet

36
Q

What is a relay switch?

A

An electronic switch

37
Q

What is a potential divider circuit and what does it do?

A
  • A series circuit turned on its side
  • It divides the total potential difference (supply voltage)
38
Q

What are the circuit rules for potential divider circuits?

A
  • Current is equal at all points
  • Voltage is split
  • Resistance can be added
39
Q

What is the equation to find the potential difference in a potential divider circuit?

A

V = R1/R1+R2 x Vs

40
Q

What are electronic diodes used for?

A

To control the direction of current in circuits

41
Q

What must an LED must be placed in series with and why?

A
  • A resistor
  • Could explode due to too much current getting to it
42
Q

What is a capacitor?

A

An electronic component which stores charge

43
Q

What is the symbol for capacitance, what is it measured in and what is the symbol for the units of measurement?

A
  • C
  • Farads
  • F
44
Q

What 2 factors affect how fast a capacitor fully charges?

A
  • The capacitance of the capacitor; higher the capacitance, the greater the time to charge
  • The resistance of the resistor
45
Q

What are the 2 types of transistor circuits?

A
  • NPN
  • MOSFET
46
Q

What is the switch on voltage for the 2 types of transistor circuits?

A
  • Equal to or greater than 0.7V
  • Equal to or greater than 2
47
Q

What 7 points are used to describe how a switching circuit turns on an LED when the LDR is in the upper half of the circuit?

A
  • light across LDR increases
  • Resistance of LDR decreases
  • voltage across LDR decreases
  • voltage across resistor increases
  • voltage across transistor increases
  • when voltage is equal to or greater than 0.7V the transistor switches on
  • the LED switches on
48
Q

What 6 points are used to describe how a switching circuit turns on an LED when the LDR is in the bottom half of the circuit?

A
  • light across LDR decreases
  • resistance of LDR increases
  • voltage across LDR increases
  • voltage across transistor increases
  • when voltage is equal to or greater than 0.7V the transistor switches on
  • the LED switches on
49
Q

What 6 points are used to describe how a switching circuit turns on an LED when the thermistor is in the bottom half of the circuit?

A
  • temp. across thermistor decreases
  • resistance of therm. increases
  • voltage across therm. increases
  • voltage across transistor increases
  • when voltage is equal to or greater than 0.7V the transistor switches on
  • the LED switches on
50
Q

What 7 points are used to describe how a switching circuit turns on an LED when the thermistor is in the upper half of the circuit?

A
  • temp. across thermistor increases
  • resistance across therm. decreases
  • voltage across therm. decreases
  • voltage across resistor increases
  • voltage across transistor increases
  • when voltage is equal to or greater than 0.7V the transistor switches on
  • the LED switches on
51
Q

What are the properties we consider when a gas is in a sealed container?

A
  • pressure
  • temp.
  • volume
52
Q

What is the pressure law equation?

A

P = F/A

53
Q

What is the symbol and the units of measurement for pressure, force and area?

A
  • P
  • Pa
  • F
  • N
  • A
  • m^2
54
Q

What is the relation between pressure and area?

A

They are inversely proportional

55
Q

When will the maximum pressure be created?

A

When the force is applied through the smallest area

56
Q

What happens when the vol. of a container is decreased?

A

The area is decreased and the particles collide with the walls more often

57
Q

What is the relation to pressure and volume?

A

They are inversely proportional

58
Q

When do solid, liquid and gas particles have kinetic energy?

A

When their temp. is greater than absolute zero

59
Q

What happens at absolute zero?

A

All particle motions stops

60
Q

What does absolute zero equal?

A

0k or -273oC

61
Q

What is a change in 1K equal to in oC?

A

1oC

62
Q

How do you change from K to oC / oC to K

A

-273 / +273

63
Q

Why does pressure increase when the temp. increases?

A
  • the particles have a greater Ek
  • the particles velocity increases
  • the particles will collide with the walls of the container more often
  • the av. force applied to the container will increase
  • since P=F/A. force increases so area remains constant and the pressure must increase
64
Q

What is the definition for specific heat capacity?

A

The energy required to heat 1Kg of a material by 1oC

65
Q

What is the symbol for energy, mass, Δ temp. and specific heat capacity and what are each measured in?

A
  • E, m, ΔT, c
  • J, kg, oC, Jkg^-1 oC^-1
66
Q

What is the symbol for energy and what is it measure in?

A

E

Joules (J)

67
Q

What is the law of conservation state?

A
  • energy cannot be created or destroyed
  • energy can be transformed from one form to another
68
Q

What are the 7 forms of energy?

A
  • Heat
  • Light
  • Kinetic
  • Potential
  • Chemical
  • Sound
  • Electrical
69
Q

What is potential energy?

A

The energy an object has as it’s raised through a height

70
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Movement energy

71
Q

What is work done?

A

The amount of energy required to move an object over a distance when a force is applied

72
Q

What is the definition of weight?

A

A measure of the affect of gravities pull on an object

73
Q

What is the definition of mass?

A

A measure of how much ‘stuff’ an object is made up of

74
Q

What is the symbol for weight and mass and what are they measure in?

A

W & M

Newtons(N) & Kg

75
Q

What is the symbol for gravitational field strength and what is it measure in?

A

g & N Kg^-1

76
Q

What is latent heat?

A

The energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance

77
Q

What is latent heat of vaporisation?

A

The energy required to change 1kg of a liquid to a gas and vice versa

78
Q

What is latent heat of fusion?

A

The energy required to change 1kg of a solid to a liquid and vice versa

79
Q

What is the equation for latent heat?

A

Eh = m/I

80
Q

What are the symbols and units for energy, mass and specific latent heat?

A
  • Eh, J
  • m, kg
  • I, Jkg^-1
81
Q

What is potential difference?

A

Voltage

Physics (9 decks)

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