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Physics > S4 - Physics Test (1) > Flashcards

S4 - Physics Test (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

The particles of a … wave travel perpendicular or at 90° to the wave motion and … travel in a vacuum

A

Transverse

Can

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2
Q

The particles of a … wave travel parallel or at 180° to the wave motion and … travel through a vacuum.

A

Longitudinal

Cannot

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3
Q

Name three examples of a transverse wave?

A

Radio / TV / Microwave / IR / Visible Light / UV / X-Ray / Gamma

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4
Q

Name three examples of a longitudinal wave?

A

Sounds (the only one)

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5
Q

Name three examples of a longitudinal wave?

A

Sounds (the only one)

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6
Q

Which of the two wave can travel through a vacuum?

A

Transverse

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7
Q

How do we measure the amplitude of a wave?

A

The distance between the centre line and the peak/crest?

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8
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave a measure of?

A

The amount of energy being transferred

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9
Q

What is amplitude measured in?

A

Meters (m)

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10
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The length of one complete wave

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11
Q

what is the symbol for wavelength?

A

Lambda (λ)

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12
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of waves produced per second

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13
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz (Hz)

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14
Q

What is the equation to find frequency?

A

f=N/t

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15
Q

What is the period of a wave?

A

The time taken to make one complete wave

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16
Q

What is period measured in?

A

Seconds (s)

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17
Q

What is the equation to find the period of a wave?

A

T=1/f

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18
Q

What is the symbol for frequency?

A

f

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19
Q

Speed, Distance, Time - equation

A

V = D/t

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20
Q

Speed, Frequency, Wavelength - equation

A

λ=V/f

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21
Q

What is different between a normal V,D,t equation and an echo problem?

A

The total time and distance is twice the ‘single trip’ for both the time and distance

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22
Q

What must we do to complete an echo problem equation properly?

A

Depending on the question, multiply or divide the time or distance by two

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23
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

A range or naturally occurring radiations

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24
Q

What speed to all radiations in the E.M spectrum travel at in air?

A

3 x 10⁸ ms⁻¹

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25
Q

What is the order of the E.M spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest?

A

Radio/TV ~> Microwave ~> IR ~> Visible Light ~> UV ~> X-Ray ~> Gamma Ray

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26
Q

What is the detector for Microwaves?

A

An aerial

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27
Q

What is the detector for TV and Radio waves?

A

An aerial

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28
Q

What is the detector for IR waves?

A

A blackened thermometer

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29
Q

What is the detector for Visible Light?

A

Retinas & Photographic film

30
Q

What is the detector for UV light?

A

Fluorescent paint

31
Q

What is the detector for X-rays?

A

Photographic film

32
Q

What is the detector for Gamma Rays?

A

Geiger–Müller tube

33
Q

What might an application for microwaves be?

A

Mobile phone communications

34
Q

What might an application for TV & Radio waves be?

A

Entertainment

35
Q

What might an application for IR light be?

A

IR cameras

36
Q

What might an application for UV light be?

A

Sterilising medical instruments

37
Q

What might an application for X-Rays be?

A

Imaging breaks in bones

38
Q

What might an application for Gamma Rays be?

A

Medical tracers

39
Q

What is diffraction?

A

The bending of waves around obstacles or between gaps

40
Q

Which of the following is a diagram displaying diffraction?

A

The top Two

41
Q

What is refraction?

A

The change in velocity and wavelength of light when it passes from one material to another

42
Q

Which of the following is a diagram displaying refraction?

A

The bottom one

43
Q

What are three different types of radiation?

A

Alpha, Beta & Gamma

44
Q

What is Alpha radiation?

A

A Helium Nucleus - two protons and neutrons

45
Q

What is a Beta radiation?

A

A single electron

46
Q

What is a Gamma radiation?

A

A wave

47
Q

Aluminium absorbs…

A

Beta radiation

48
Q

Gamma radiation is absorbed by…

A

Lead

49
Q

Paper absorbs…

A

Alpha radiation

50
Q

What is ionisation?

A

The gain or loss of electrons from an atom

51
Q

What is the half-life of a radioactive source?

A

The amount of time taken for the activity of a source to half

52
Q

What does absorbed dose measure?

A

The amount of energy absorbed by a substance per unit of mass

53
Q

What is absorbed dose measured in?

A

Grays (Gy)

54
Q

What is the equation to find absorbed dose?

A

D=E/m

55
Q

What does equivalent dose measure?

A

The amount of energy absorbed by a substance and the type of radiation absorbed per unit mass

56
Q

What is the equation to find equivalent dose?

A

H=D x wR

57
Q

What is the symbol for Equivalent dose?

A

H

58
Q

What is equivalent dose measured in?

A

Sieverts (Sv)

59
Q

What is the symbol for absorbed dose?

A

D

60
Q

What is the symbol ‘wR’?

A

Radiation weighing factor

61
Q

What is radiation weighing factor a measure of?

A

The harmful effect on human tissue of nuclear radiation

62
Q

What does equivalent dose rate measure?

A

The amount of energy absorbed by a substance, the length of time it was absorbed for and the type of radiation absorbed by it, per unit mass

63
Q

What is the equation to find equivalent dose rate?

A

Ḣ=H/t

64
Q

What is equivalent dose rate measured in?

A

Sieverts per … (unit time)

65
Q

What is the equivalent dose rate symbol?

A

Ḣ

66
Q

What are some safety precautions we can follow to reduce exposure to radiation?

A
  • Limit exposure
  • Never touch the source
  • Never point the source at someone
  • Wear protective clothing
  • Increase the distance between the
    source and you
67
Q

What is fission?

A

A process which releases energy by splitting a large mass of radioactive nuclei

68
Q

What is Fusion?

A

When two smaller mass nuclei combine (fuse) together to produce one large mass nuclei and energy

69
Q

What are the different types of fission?

A
  • Spontaneous
  • Induced
70
Q

What is Induced fission?

A

When the process is started by bombarding the large nuclei with an electron

71
Q

What is spontaneous fission?

A

When the process starts randomly - the large nuclei randomly begin to split.

Physics (9 decks)

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