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S4 - Physics Test (1) Flashcards

1
Q

The particles of a … wave travel perpendicular or at 90° to the wave motion and … travel in a vacuum

A

Transverse

Can

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2
Q

The particles of a … wave travel parallel or at 180° to the wave motion and … travel through a vacuum.

A

Longitudinal

Cannot

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3
Q

Name three examples of a transverse wave?

A

Radio / TV / Microwave / IR / Visible Light / UV / X-Ray / Gamma

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4
Q

Name three examples of a longitudinal wave?

A

Sounds (the only one)

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5
Q

Name three examples of a longitudinal wave?

A

Sounds (the only one)

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6
Q

Which of the two wave can travel through a vacuum?

A

Transverse

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7
Q

How do we measure the amplitude of a wave?

A

The distance between the centre line and the peak/crest?

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8
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave a measure of?

A

The amount of energy being transferred

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9
Q

What is amplitude measured in?

A

Meters (m)

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10
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The length of one complete wave

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11
Q

what is the symbol for wavelength?

A

Lambda (λ)

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12
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of waves produced per second

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13
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz (Hz)

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14
Q

What is the equation to find frequency?

A

f=N/t

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15
Q

What is the period of a wave?

A

The time taken to make one complete wave

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16
Q

What is period measured in?

A

Seconds (s)

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17
Q

What is the equation to find the period of a wave?

A

T=1/f

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18
Q

What is the symbol for frequency?

A

f

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19
Q

Speed, Distance, Time - equation

A

V = D/t

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20
Q

Speed, Frequency, Wavelength - equation

A

λ=V/f

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21
Q

What is different between a normal V,D,t equation and an echo problem?

A

The total time and distance is twice the ‘single trip’ for both the time and distance

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22
Q

What must we do to complete an echo problem equation properly?

A

Depending on the question, multiply or divide the time or distance by two

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23
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

A range or naturally occurring radiations

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24
Q

What speed to all radiations in the E.M spectrum travel at in air?

A

3 x 10⁸ ms⁻¹

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25
What is the order of the E.M spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest?
Radio/TV ~> Microwave ~> IR ~> Visible Light ~> UV ~> X-Ray ~> Gamma Ray
26
What is the detector for Microwaves?
An aerial
27
What is the detector for TV and Radio waves?
An aerial
28
What is the detector for IR waves?
A blackened thermometer
29
What is the detector for Visible Light?
Retinas & Photographic film
30
What is the detector for UV light?
Fluorescent paint
31
What is the detector for X-rays?
Photographic film
32
What is the detector for Gamma Rays?
Geiger–Müller tube
33
What might an application for microwaves be?
Mobile phone communications
34
What might an application for TV & Radio waves be?
Entertainment
35
What might an application for IR light be?
IR cameras
36
What might an application for UV light be?
Sterilising medical instruments
37
What might an application for X-Rays be?
Imaging breaks in bones
38
What might an application for Gamma Rays be?
Medical tracers
39
What is diffraction?
The bending of waves around obstacles or between gaps
40
Which of the following is a diagram displaying diffraction?
The top Two
41
What is refraction?
The change in velocity and wavelength of light when it passes from one material to another
42
Which of the following is a diagram displaying refraction?
The bottom one
43
What are three different types of radiation?
Alpha, Beta & Gamma
44
What is Alpha radiation?
A Helium Nucleus - two protons and neutrons
45
What is a Beta radiation?
A single electron
46
What is a Gamma radiation?
A wave
47
Aluminium absorbs...
Beta radiation
48
Gamma radiation is absorbed by...
Lead
49
Paper absorbs...
Alpha radiation
50
What is ionisation?
The gain or loss of electrons from an atom
51
What is the half-life of a radioactive source?
The amount of time taken for the activity of a source to half
52
What does absorbed dose measure?
The amount of energy absorbed by a substance per unit of mass
53
What is absorbed dose measured in?
Grays (Gy)
54
What is the equation to find absorbed dose?
D=E/m
55
What does equivalent dose measure?
The amount of energy absorbed by a substance and the type of radiation absorbed per unit mass
56
What is the equation to find equivalent dose?
H=D x wR
57
What is the symbol for Equivalent dose?
H
58
What is equivalent dose measured in?
Sieverts (Sv)
59
What is the symbol for absorbed dose?
D
60
What is the symbol 'wR'?
Radiation weighing factor
61
What is radiation weighing factor a measure of?
The harmful effect on human tissue of nuclear radiation
62
What does equivalent dose rate measure?
The amount of energy absorbed by a substance, the length of time it was absorbed for and the type of radiation absorbed by it, per unit mass
63
What is the equation to find equivalent dose rate?
Ḣ=H/t
64
What is equivalent dose rate measured in?
Sieverts per ... (unit time)
65
What is the equivalent dose rate symbol?
Ḣ
66
What are some safety precautions we can follow to reduce exposure to radiation?
- Limit exposure - Never touch the source - Never point the source at someone - Wear protective clothing - Increase the distance between the source and you
67
What is fission?
A process which releases energy by splitting a large mass of radioactive nuclei
68
What is Fusion?
When two smaller mass nuclei combine (fuse) together to produce one large mass nuclei and energy
69
What are the different types of fission?
- Spontaneous - Induced
70
What is Induced fission?
When the process is started by bombarding the large nuclei with an electron
71
What is spontaneous fission?
When the process starts randomly - the large nuclei randomly begin to split.

Physics (10 decks)

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