S3 Topic 01/02/03

Question 1

What types of substances usually join together to form ionic compounds?

Answer 1

Metal and non-metal

Question 2

Describe ionic bonding

Answer 2

It is an electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 3

What can be said about the strength of ionic bonding?

Answer 3

They are strong

Question 4

Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?

Answer 4

They are more stable with a full outer shell of electrons i.e. the electron arrangement of a noble gas.

Question 5

What always happens when metal atoms form ions?

Answer 5

They lose electrons to form positive ions.

Na → Na3+ + e-

Question 6

How do you work out how many electrons a metal loses when it forms an ion?

Why do metal ions do this?

Answer 6

A metal loses electrons equal to the number of electrons in the outer shell.

They are more stable with a full outer shell of electrons.

Question 7

What happens to non-metal atoms when they form an ion?

Answer 7

They always gain electrons to become negative ions.

Cl2 + 2e → 2Cl-

Question 8

How do you work out how many electrons a non-metal gains when it forms an ion?

Answer 8

The number of electrons gained is the same number of electrons needed to fill the outer shell.

Question 9

How to write nuclide notation.

How to work out no. of protons/neutrons/electrons?

Answer 9

Mass Number
Element Symbol
Atomic Number

Protons/Electrons = Atomic No.
Neutrons = Mass No. - Atomic No.