Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SA head and neck > S3) Major Blood Vessels of the Head and Neck// ppw for diagrams > Flashcards

S3) Major Blood Vessels of the Head and Neck// ppw for diagrams Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical surface landmark that relates to the dotted line A-B in the image below?

A

Angle of Louis (manubrio-sternal angle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the components of the aorta illustrated as H, I and J

A
  • H – ascending aorta
  • I – aortic arch
  • J – descending aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the blood vessels labelled C, D, E, F and G

A
  • C – Brachiocephalic trunk
  • D – Right common carotid artery
  • E – Right subclavian artery
  • F – Left common carotid artery
  • G – Left subclavian artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which arteries arise from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right hand side?

A

Subclavian and common carotid arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which arteries arise from subclavian artery in the base of the neck?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A
  • Suprascapular artery
  • Ascending cervical artery
  • Inferior thyroid artery
  • Transverse cervical artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which region does the suprascapular artery supply?

A

Suprascapular artery supplies the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which region do the ascending and transverse cervical arteries supply?

A

Ascending cervical and transverse cervical arteries supply the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which region does the inferior thyroid artery supply?

A

Inferior thyroid artery supplies lower pole of the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do vertebral arteries arise from?

A

Vertebral arteries arise from the subclavian arteries on left & right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the course of the vertebral arteries through the brain

A
  • Ascend in the neck through transverse foramina in C1-6
  • They pass through the foramen magnum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe how the vertebral arteries supply the brain

A

The vertebral arteries supply the brain along with the internal carotid arteries which enter the skull through the carotid canal. Right and Left vertebral arteries fuse together to form the basilar artery mainly supply posterior head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which arteries arise from the common carotid artery?

A

Common carotid artery bifurcates to give external and internal carotid arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the common carotid bifurcate?

A

The common carotid bifurcates at about the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the anatomical position of the internal jugular vein

A

The internal jugular lies lateral to the common carotid mostly under sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bifurcation of the carotid artery is a common site for atheroma formation.

What are the consequences of this?

A
  • Causes stenosis of the artery
  • Rupture of the clot can cause an embolus to travel to brain (TIA or stroke)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the carotid sinus and what does it do?

A
  • Carotid sinus is a swelling at region of bifurcation
  • Location of baroreceptors for detecting changes in aBP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

Carotid body is a group of peripheral chemoreceptors which detect arterial O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which neurovascular structures can be accessed through the carotid triangle?

A
  • Carotid arteries
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Vagus nerves
  • Hypoglossal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which pulse can be felt in the carotid triangle?

A

Carotid pulse can be felt in carotid triangle just below bifurcation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the carotid sinus massage and what does it do?

A
  • The carotid massage involves gently massaging the carotid artery

- this increases baroreceptor feedback

  • Pressure in the area of carotid sinus quickly reduces heart rate (alleviates supra-ventricular tachycardias)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the course of the internal carotid artery through the head and neck

A
  • Enters skull through carotid canal (in petrous part of temporal bone)
  • Turns medially and horizontally
  • Enters the cranial cavity then bends (S-shaped) to course through the cavernous sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the cavernous sinus?

A

Cavernous sinus is a plexus of extremely thin-walled veins on upper surface of sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Identify 6 neurovascular structures in the cavernous sinus

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The ophthalmic artery branches from the internal carotid artery.

Identify its two main branches

A
  • Supratrochlear artery
  • Supraorbital artery

(central retinal comes from middle meningeal but is prone to embolus which can reduce vision)

26
Q

Identify the 6 branches of the external carotid artery

A
  • Facial
  • Lingual
  • Occipital
  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • Posterior auricular
  • Superior thyroid
  • superficial temporal
  • maxillary

(Some anatomists like freaking out poor medical students)

27
Q

Identify the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery

A
  • Superficial temporal
  • Maxillary
28
Q

Describe the nature of the blood supply to the scalp

A
  • Rich blood supply with many anastomoses
  • Largely branches of external carotid artery
29
Q

Describe the anatomical position of scalp blood vessels

A

Vessels of the scalp lie in the subcutaneous connective tissue layer

30
Q

Where does the skull get its blood supply from?

Why is this significant?

A
  • Mostly middle meningeal artery, the terminal branch of the maxillary artery
  • Hence, loss of blood from scalp does not lead to bone necrosis
31
Q

What are the consequences of a rupture to the skull?

A

Fracture of skull at pterion can cause the middle meningeal artery (supplies skull and dura) to rupture i.e. extradural haemorrhage

32
Q

Where do the superficial arteries of the face arise from?

A
  • All arise from the external carotid artery
  • Exception: supra-orbital and supratrochlear artery arise from internal carotid artery
33
Q

Where can the facial pulse be felt?

A

Facial artery pulse can be felt at inferior border of mandible, anterior to the masseter muscle

34
Q

Identify the two most important branches in the nasal septum

A
  • Septal branch of sphenopalatine artery (from maxillary artery)
  • Anterior ethmoidal arteries (from ophthalmic artery)
35
Q

Why is the Kiesselbach area in the nasal septum a common site for epistaxis?

A
  • Anastomosis of arteries in Kiesselbach area
  • Hence prone to nose bleeds
36
Q

What is a craniotomy and how is it performed?

A
  • Craniotomy is a procedure used to gain access to cranial cavity
  • The bone and scalp flap are reflected inferiorly to preserve blood supply
37
Q

Identify the 3 superficial veins draining the scalp

A
  • Superficial temporal veins
  • Occipital veins
  • Posterior auricular veins
38
Q

Describe the structures involved in the venous drainage of the scalp

A
  • Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins unite at medial angle of eye to form angular vein (drains into the facial vein)
  • Deep parts of scalp in temporal region have veins which drain into the pterygoid venous plexus
39
Q

What is unique attribute of facial veins?

A

Veins of the face are valveless

40
Q

Describe the drainage of the facial vein

A

At medial angle of eye the facial vein communicates with superior ophthalmic vein and drains into the cavernous sinus

41
Q

Describe the clinical significance of the deep facial veins draining into pterygoid venous plexus

A
  • Infection from facial vein can spread to dural venous sinuses
  • Infected clot can travel to intracranial venous system i.e. thrombophlebitis of facial vein
42
Q

What is the danger of the triangle of the face?

A

Infections in this region of the face can spread through the venous system to the dural venous sinuses

43
Q

The sigmoid sinus is a dural venous sinus.

Describe its anatomical course

A

The sigmoid sinuses continue as the internal jugular veins, leaving the skull through the jugular foramina

44
Q

Why is the external jugular vein easier to see?

A

The internal jugular vein lies under sternocleidomastoid

45
Q

The internal jugular vein is a better indication of pressure in the right atrium.

How is this measured?

A
  • Right IJV used
  • Pulsations observed through muscle
  • Measured in cmH2O
  • Height from sternal angle + 5cm
  • use right as its much closer to the heart
46
Q

Why might a doctor wish to listen over the carotid artery with a stethoscope?

A
  • Check for degree of stenosis
  • Listening for carotid bruit (systolic sound indicating turbulent blood flow)
47
Q

Why is it helpful for a patient to hold his/her breath during auscultation of the carotid arteries?

A

Noise of breathing disrupts transmittent sounds

48
Q

Name the holes in the base of the skull through which the following vessels travel:

  • Internal carotid artery
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Middle meningeal artery
  • Vertebral artery
A
  • Internal carotid artery: carotid canal

- Internal jugular vein: jugular foramen

  • Middle meningeal artery: foramen spinosum
  • Vertebral artery: foramen magnum
49
Q

what are some other branches of the internal carotid artery?

A

anterior and middle cerebral artery form the main anterior blood supply to the head

50
Q

issues arising with superficial temporal artery

A
  • can get temporal arteritis
  • facial arteries can become inflammed
  • reduce blood to structures
  • frequent headaches
  • scalp tenderness of temple
  • jaw pain while eating
  • can lose vision
51
Q

label these major blood supplies to the scalp

A
52
Q

what are the major layers of the scalp

A

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose areolar tissue

Periosteum

53
Q

why does the scalp bleed so much

A

due to the apenuerosis being held at each end by connective tissue

the artery walls can’t constrict and close off

54
Q

what are the key branches of the maxillary artery

A
  1. middle meningeal
  2. sphenopalatine

supplies deeper facial structures

55
Q

what is the role of the dural venous sinus

A
  • brain structures drain into here
  • emissary veins cary blood from the skull to sinus
  • but risk of infection as intracranial cavity is directly connected
56
Q

what is the danger triangle of the face

A
  • around the nose
  • infection can spread up to the dural venous sinus
57
Q

what are some main veins that drain the face

A
  • IJV
  • facial vein
  • cavernous sinus
  • angular vein
  • supertrochlear vein
  • supraorbital vein
58
Q

what are the two divisions of the middle meningeal artery?

A
  • anterior: frontal division (passes under pterion
  • posterior: parietal division
59
Q

what haemorrhage occurs when there Is damage to the middle meningeal artery? hoe do you treat it

A
  • extradural
  • looks like a semicircle
  • craniotomy and stop bleeding
60
Q

What does the internal carotid artery pass through

A

carotid canal NOT foramen

petrous part of temporal bone

carotid sheath

SA head and neck (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions