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H, Y1, Germany: All > (S3) 1928-33 Collapse of Democracy > Flashcards

(S3) 1928-33 Collapse of Democracy Flashcards

1
Q

Nazi Party origins

A
  • started in 1919 as National socialist German workers party (NSDAP)
  • manifesto, developed by Hitler, included reversing TOV, stop reperations, create national community and antisemitism
  • Hitler chairman with SA who fought against communism
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2
Q

Hitler’s imprisonment

A
  • after ‘beer hall’ putsch in 1923

- wrote Mein Kampf, his view of the world

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3
Q

Reorganisation and expansion of the Nazi party

A
  • started low in 1924
  • in 1926 Hitler’s programme to accept him as a Fuhrer and set up youth programmes
  • 1928 low votes but created professional body
  • 1930s electoral success through propaganda ext
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4
Q

What was the Wall Street crash in 1929?

A
  • American economy collapsed
  • stopped foreign lending and recalled loans
  • directly effected Germany as they replied on American capital
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5
Q

Social impact of the Wall Street Crash in 1929

A
  • unemployment high, overwhelming welfare budget
  • increase gangs and crime
  • increased extremist support
  • right wing campaign to prevent female ‘double earning’
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6
Q

Economic impact of the Wall Street Crash

A
  • 5 banks collapsed
  • wages fell 20-30%
  • export trade fell 61% and industry production fell 58%
  • Ruhr was effected
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7
Q

Political impact of the Wall Street Crash

A
  • pressure in gov finances
  • Grand Coalition couldn’t agree on a strategy
  • dispute between right (decrease unemployment) but SPD left wanted to protect workers and increased taxes
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8
Q

Who was Brüning and what did he signify?

A
  • authoritarian chancellor

- clear change from parliamentary government to presidential government

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9
Q

Brüning’s policies towards the economic crisis

A
  • policy of deflation that reduced price of goods/ services to reduce gov spending
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10
Q

Brüning’s use of article 48 to manage the economic crisis

A
  • after failure to get majority in July 1930

- introduces wage cuts, rent cuts and tax rises

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11
Q

Who was Von Papen?

A
  • chancellor who replaced Brüning in 1932
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12
Q

Von Papen’s policies to help deal with the economic crisis

A
  • introduces some tax discounts and subsides (financial support)
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13
Q

Problems with the government under Von Papen

A
  • too much political turmoil to pass policies
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14
Q

Appeal of extremism: Nazi ideology

A

Themes:

  • power of will
  • strength in military
  • aryan community
  • national socialism
  • fuhrerprinzip
  • aggressive nationalism
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15
Q

Appeal of extremism: Nazi anti semi time

A
  • saw as root of problems for communism, TOV and decrease in power
  • conspiracy to have dominance
  • Jews scapegoats, emphases through SA
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16
Q

Appeal of extremism: Nazi propaganda

A
  • Joseph Goebbels
  • focus on Weimar causing eco depression and humiliation
  • Hitler’s speeches, influence in newspaper, films ext
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17
Q

Appeal of extremism: Role of Hitler for the Nazi party

A
  • leadership culture around him
  • charisma and speaking skills
  • convinces to people that they were the answer
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18
Q

Appeal of extremism: Nazi support in votes (1932)

A
  • ever increasing

- 37.3%

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19
Q

Appeal of extremism: Communist change in votes (1932)

A
  • increasing

- 14.3% in 1932

20
Q

Appeal of extremism: appeal of Communism

A
  • growing large industrial areas
  • after 1929 focus on unemployment
  • red front runner who clashed with SA
21
Q

Appeal of extremism: communist ideology

A
  • abolish land property
  • heavy taxes
  • centralised bank, transport and communication
  • increase state finance
  • equal distribution of labour
  • free education in public schools
22
Q

Role of Backstairs intrigue, Hindenburgs ‘inner circle’: Brüning gov 1930-32

A
  • went against the Nazi, where Schleicher saw as valuable

- Hitler refused to join government

23
Q

Role of Backstairs intrigue, Hindenburgs ‘inner circle’: Von Papen gov May- Nov 1932

A
  • ‘cabinet of barons’ people in for their titles, eg. Land elites
  • lifted ban on SA and curbed left wing press
  • eventually lost army and credibility
24
Q

Role of Backstairs intrigue, Hindenburgs ‘inner circle’: Schleicher Gov Dec 1932- July 1932

A
  • social polices to increase support from trade unions
  • eventually Hitler became chancellor: Von Papen and Hindenburg believed they could control him
  • political head of army, worked with the Nazis
25
Q

Role of Backstairs intrigue, Hindenburgs ‘inner circle’: Oskar Von Hindenburg

A
  • army officer with links to Schleicher

- opinion respect as presidents son

26
Q

Role of Backstairs intrigue, Hindenburgs ‘inner circle’: Dr Otto Meissner

A
  • ran presidential office
  • go between for Hitler and Hindenburg
  • tried to prevent Hitler becoming chancellor
27
Q

Why Weimar collapsed: political intrigue

A
  • Hindenburg only ran for president to keep Hitler out
  • no support from Reichstag
  • Hindenburg was persuaded by Von Papen to make Hitler chancellor to control him
28
Q

Why Weimar collapsed: underlying problems

A
  • TOV

- economic and political tension

29
Q

Why Weimar collapsed: Depression

A
  • fatal for economy

- extremist parties used it to their advantage to undermine Weimar

30
Q

Why Weimar collapsed: rise of extremism

A
  • conspiracy theories: ‘Nov criminals’
  • Dolchstosse myth, which undermined Weimar and kept militarism alive
  • Empire romanticised
  • communist and Nazi hate
  • Hiter’s political adaptation to win boyes I
31
Q

Why Weimar collapsed: coalition problems

A
  • president all power with article 48
  • proportional representation meant problems
  • structure weak, not handling times of political crisis
32
Q

Why Weimar collapsed: economic problems

A
  • burden of TOV
  • Ruhr occupation
  • hyperinflation
  • collapse of 2 coalition governments
33
Q

When did Hitler become chancellor?

A
  • Jan 30th 1933
34
Q

How did Hitler initially get support after becoming chancellor?

A
  • met with large capitalist enterprises to ensure support and funding
35
Q

How to Hitler exert more control in late Feb 1933

A
  • SA legal
  • Nazi control of police
  • revolution from below, assault on trade unions and left wing opposition
36
Q

When and what happened in the Reichstag Fire?

A
  • Feb 27th 1933
  • Dutch communists blamed
  • triggered Hitler launching decree today limit freedom of press, so speech and property
37
Q

March 5th 1933 election

A
  • Nazi 64% of votes

- SA ensured control and Nazi propaganda

38
Q

When was the first concentration camp?

A
  • March 8th 1933
39
Q

How Hitler showed his early antisemitism after becoming chancellor?

A
  • boycott Jewish ships for one day
  • limited by Hindenburg
  • propaganda against Jewish intellectuals
40
Q

How did the Nazis control the workers?

A
  • Took over trade unions through SA and SS

- new German labour front

41
Q

How Hitler exerted political control?

A
  • banned other parties

- looked like they had no opposition

42
Q

When and why was the Concordat with the Pope?

A
  • July 20th 1933

- stop Catholic opposition

43
Q

Nov 12th 1933 vote

A
  • 88%

- support due to refusal of TOV

44
Q

When and what was the Enabling Act?

A
  • March 24th 1933
  • stopped distress of people in reichstag
  • decisions without president
  • focused on communism
45
Q

When and what was the night of the long knives?

A
  • June 30th to 2nd July 1934
  • SA members arrested and executed
  • political assassinations
  • SS murder Schleicher
  • fall of SA, SS took over
46
Q

How did Hitler eventually become Fuhrer?

A
  • law of reconstruction, local Lander centralised
  • Hindenburg’s death
  • Army swore oath to Hitler

H, Y1, Germany: All (3 decks)

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