S2W9Altru Flashcards
Fugue states
Self-relevant knowledge is temporarily unavailable to consciousness, following epileptic seizures
Dissociative identity disorder
multiple identities following trauma
Medial prefrontal cortex in self-referential processing
Greater activity when participants make judgments about themselves (trait judgments) than friends or words
TMS blocks the retrieval of self-relevant knowledge.
Autobiographical memory retrieval:
Successful recollection of photos taken themselves associated with activity in anterior mPFC.
Default mode network (DMN)
Focused on thinking about self, future and past.
Posterior Cingulate Cortex Precuneus
Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Angular Gyrus
Increase activity when we aren’t focus on a particular task.
Interoception primates
Awareness of own bodily sensations
Primates have cortical image of homeostatic afferent activity.
Associated with autonomic motor control.
Distinct from the exteroceptive system for somatic motor activity (eating etc.).
Primary representation in dorsal posterior insula causes feelings e.g. pain.
Embodiment
The sense of being localized within one’s own body.
Referred as ecological self because the physical abilities of the body constrain how we interact with environment.
The extrastriate body area (visual cortex) adopts a third-person perspective for visualizing own body.
Temporoparietal junction is involved in out-of-body experiences.
homeostatic afferent activity
how we maintain energy level, temperature etc.
Interoception humans
Representation of primary interoceptive activity caused by the right anterior insula.
Providing basis for subjective image of the material self as feeling entity (emotion awareness)
Brain regions implicated in body perception and imagery tasks
Regions of visual cortex sensitive to visual features of body parts and are active during body imagery.
Temporo-parietal junction involved in mental transformation of body and out-of-body experiences.
TMS applied over right temporoparietal junction produces slower RTs in making judgments of hand location but rotated letters.
TMS applied over the intraperietal sulcus impairs performances in letters but not in body rotation.
Note double dissociation.
Embodied cognition
Cognition depends on the experience that come from having a body with various sensorimotor capacities.
Individual sensorimotor capacities are embedded in more encompassing biological, psychological and cultural context.
face processing in the temporal lobe
Visual information flows along inferior temporal-hippocampal route for facial identity, person recognition and name retrieval.
Superior temporal-amygdala route processes dynamic features for facial information, including analysis gaze and emotional expression.
Single neurons in monkey temporal lobe that code for expression and identity.
Social referencing
Use of body gestures and facial/ vocal expressions of others to see how to deal with ambiguous situation
E.g. visual cliff in 10-12 months children).
Joint attention:
Allocation of processing resources toward an object cued by another individual
Primates can exploit joint attention through deception.
Modulation of attentional orienting by gaze cuing
RTs are faster for valid trials (gaze on screen towards target).
ERP amplitudes enhanced for early-latency potentials (P1 & N1).
Indicates attentional enhancements in extrastriate cortex.
Non verbal cues from face and body
Provide insight into emotional state.
Guide interpersonal behaviour through social referencing and joint attention.
Stronger responses elicited in Superior Temporal Sulcus when perceiving actions that violate expectations.
