S2: State Formation

Question 1

What are the four qualifications of a sovereign state?

Answer 1

1. Permanent population
2. A defined territory
3. Government; and
4. Capacity to enter into relations with the other states

Question 2

What is Westphalian Sovereignty?

Answer 2

It is a principle in international law that each state has exclusive sovereignty over its territory.

Question 3

What did Weber say about state formation?

Answer 3

• Modern state formation is about power and legitimacy

Politics: distribution, maintenance or transfer of power.

Question 4

What are Weber’s three types of authority:

Answer 4

1. Traditional authority (monarchs)
2. Charismatic authority (‘good’ leader)
3. Legal/rational authority. (Rules, law bound institutions)

Question 5

What is the Weberian state?

Answer 5

• “The state is a human community that (succesfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory)

‘state can not be defined in terms of its ends, only in terms of its specific means: the use of of physical !force!)

Question 6

How do power holders maintain their domination?

Answer 6

• Control the personal executive staff
• Control the material means of administration
• End of indirect rule
• Expropriate the expropriators: state/society struggle (Migdal)

Question 7

What four factors does Charles Tilly state about state making?

Answer 7

• State making: eliminating or neutralizing rivals inside their territory
• War making: eliminating or neutralizing their rivals outside their territories
• Protection: eliminating or neutralizing the enemies of their clients
• Extraction acquiring the means of carrying out the first three activities

Question 8

How did European state forming get shaped according to Tilly?

Answer 8

1. Power holders go to war
2. War makers need resources
   - Short run: conquest, selling off assets, coercing, or dispossessing accumulators of capital
   -Long run: taxation (extraction), protect those who can borrow and buy (protection)
3. War makers end up building states

Capitalism and state making reinforce eachother

Question 9

Tilly neglected external relations, how do these external relations shape every national state?

Answer 9

• Flows of resources (loans and supplies coming from outside the situation)
• Competition among states stimulates war making (states want the resources of other states)
• Coalition of states force states into certain forms and positions within the international system.

Question 10

What two kind of powers does a state have according to Michael Mann?

Answer 10

-Infrastructural power: Power through society, a cooperative relation between a government and its citizens

-Despotic power: power over society, an elite class that imposes its will

Question 11

What four factors did Michael Mann name in which the state can increase its infrastructural power?

Answer 11

1. Provide centrally-organized services that are carried out through a division of labor
2. Ensure the literacy of the population
3. Produce a system (currency, weights and measures) that ensures trade
4. Provide effective systems and transport

Question 12

What four types of states does Michael Mann name:

Answer 12

low INF low DES: Feudal societies
high INF low DES: Bureaucatic societies (democracy)

low INF high DES: Imperial societies
high INF high DES: Auhtoritarian societies (single party system)

Question 13

Timeline of state formation in Afghanistan:

Answer 13

-Empire of Ahmad Shah Durrani (1747)
-Great Game & First Anglo-Afghan war (1839-1842)
-Second Anglo-Afghana War (1878-1880)
-Abdur Rahman Khan as the Iron Emir (1880-1901)
-Ahmanullah Failed Modernization (1919-1929)
-The Musahiban Dynasty (1929-1978)