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3rd Year_Step 2 Rapid Review > S2 RR_5 > Flashcards

S2 RR_5 Flashcards

1
Q

The most common type of nephrolithiasis.

A

Calcium oxalate

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2
Q

A 20-year-old man presents with a palpable flank mass and hematuria. Ultrasound shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?

A

Cerebral berry aneurysms (AD PCKD)

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3
Q

Hematuria hypertension and oliguria.

A

Nephritic syndrome

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4
Q

Proteinuria hypoalbuminemia hyperlipidemia hyperlipiduria edema.

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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5
Q

The most common form of nephritic syndrome.

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

The most common form of glomerulonephritis.

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)

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7
Q

Glomerulonephritis with deafness.

A

Alport’s syndrome

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8
Q

Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis.

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis and Goodpasture’s syndrome

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9
Q

Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment.

A

Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome

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10
Q

Eosinophils in urine sediment.

A

Allergic interstitial nephritis

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11
Q

Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria).

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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12
Q

Drowsiness asterixis nausea and a pericardial friction rub.

A

Uremic syndrome seen in patients with renal failure

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13
Q

A 55-year-old man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Treatment options?

A

Wait surgical resection radiation and/or androgen suppression

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14
Q

Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality.

A

DI

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15
Q

Treatment of SIADH?

A

Fluid restriction demeclocycline

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16
Q

Hematuria flank pain and palpable flank mass.

A

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

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17
Q

Testicular cancer associated with beta-hCG AFP.

A

Choriocarcinoma

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18
Q

The most common type of testicular cancer.

A

Seminomaa type of germ cell tumor

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19
Q

The most common histology of bladder cancer.

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

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20
Q

Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia.

A

Central pontine myelinolysis

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21
Q

Salicylate ingestion leads to what type of acid-base disorder?

A

Anion gap acidosis and primary respiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation

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22
Q

Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women.

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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23
Q

Three systemic diseases leading to nephrotic syndrome.

A

DM SLE and amyloidosis

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24
Q

Elevated erythropoietin level elevated hematocrit and normal O2 saturation suggest?

A

RCC or other erythropoietin-producing tumor; evaluate with CT scan

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25
Q

A 55-year-old man presents with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. Treatment options?

A

Likely BPH. Options include no treatment terazosin finasteride or surgical intervention (TURP)

26
Q

Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muscle rigidity hyperthermia autonomic instability and extrapyramidal symptoms.

A

Antipsychotics (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

27
Q

Side effects of corticosteroids.

A

Acute mania immunosuppression thin skin osteoporosis easy bruising myopathies

28
Q

Treatment for DTs.

A

Benzodiazepines

29
Q

Treatment for acetaminophen overdose.

A

N-acetylcysteine

30
Q

Treatment for opioid overdose.

A

Naloxone

31
Q

Treatment for benzodiazepine overdose.

A

Flumazenil

32
Q

Treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

A

Dantrolene or bromocriptine

33
Q

Treatment for malignant hypertension.

A

Nitroprusside

34
Q

Treatment of AF.

A

Rate control rhythm conversion and anticoagulation

35
Q

Treatment of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).

A

Rate control with carotid massasge or other vagal stimulation

36
Q

Causes of drug-induced SLE.

A

INH penicillamine hydralazine procainamide

37
Q

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia with neurologic symptoms.

A

B12 deficiency

38
Q

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms.

A

Folate deficiency

39
Q

A burn patient presents with cherry-red flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal but carboxyhemoglobin is elevated. Treatment?

A

Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2 or with hyperbaric O2 if severe poisoning or pregnant

40
Q

Blood in the urethral meatus or high-riding prostate.

A

Bladder rupture or urethral injury

41
Q

Test to rule out urethral injury.

A

Retrograde cystourethrogram

42
Q

Radiographic evidence of aortic disruption or dissection.

A

Widened mediastinum (> 8 cm) loss of aortic knob pleural cap tracheal deviation to the right depression of left main stem bronchus

43
Q

Radiographic indications for surgery in patients with acute abdomen.

A

Free air under the diaphragm extravasation of contrast severe bowl distention space-occupying lesion (CT) mesenteric occlusion (angiography)

44
Q

The most common organism in burn-related infections.

A

Pseudomonas

45
Q

Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients.

A

Parkland formula

46
Q

Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient.

A

50 cc/hour

47
Q

Acceptable urine output in a stable patient.

A

30 cc/hour

48
Q

Cannon a waves.

A

Third-degree heart block

49
Q

Signs of neurogenic shock.

A

Hypotension and bradycardia

50
Q

Signs of inc’d ICP (Cushing’s triad).

A

Hypertension bradycardia and abnormal respirations

51
Q

dec’d CO & pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) inc’d peripheral vascular resistance (PVR).

A

Hypovolemic shock

52
Q

dec’d CO inc’d PCWP & PVR.

A

Cardiogenic shock

53
Q

inc’d CO & PCWP dec’d PVR.

A

Septic or anaphylactic shock

54
Q

Treatment of septic shock.

A

Fluids and antibiotics

55
Q

Treatment of cardiogenic shock.

A

Identify cause; pressors (e.g. dobutamine)

56
Q

Treatment of hypovolemic shock.

A

Identify cause; fluid and blood repletion

57
Q

Treatment of anaphylactic shock.

A

Diphenhydramine or epinephrine 1:1000

58
Q

Supportive treatment for ARDS.

A

Continuous positive airway pressure

59
Q

Signs of air embolism.

A

A patient with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies

60
Q

Trauma series.

A

AP chest AP/lateral C-spine AP pelvis

61
Q

What is Murphy’s Sign? Significance?

A

Place your hand over RU abdominal quadrant while patient breathes & deep & patient aborts deep breath when liver/gall bladder hit examiner’s hand.
Means Cholecystitis

62
Q

Dx?

Hypogonadism, Arthropathy, Diabetes, & Hepatomegaly

A

Hereditary Hemochromatosis

  • AR disorder 2/2 HFE gene mutation causing inc’d intestinal iron absorption & deposition into multiple organs
  • Also bronze skin pigmentation
  • Restrictive or dilated cardiomyopathy w/ conduction abnormalities
  • Inc’d susceptibility to infections w/ Listeria, Vibrio, & Yersinia

3rd Year_Step 2 Rapid Review (5 decks)

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