S2 RR_5 Flashcards
The most common type of nephrolithiasis.
Calcium oxalate
A 20-year-old man presents with a palpable flank mass and hematuria. Ultrasound shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?
Cerebral berry aneurysms (AD PCKD)
Hematuria hypertension and oliguria.
Nephritic syndrome
Proteinuria hypoalbuminemia hyperlipidemia hyperlipiduria edema.
Nephrotic syndrome
The most common form of nephritic syndrome.
Membranous glomerulonephritis
The most common form of glomerulonephritis.
IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)
Glomerulonephritis with deafness.
Alport’s syndrome
Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis.
Wegener’s granulomatosis and Goodpasture’s syndrome
Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment.
Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome
Eosinophils in urine sediment.
Allergic interstitial nephritis
Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria).
Nephrotic syndrome
Drowsiness asterixis nausea and a pericardial friction rub.
Uremic syndrome seen in patients with renal failure
A 55-year-old man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Treatment options?
Wait surgical resection radiation and/or androgen suppression
Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality.
DI
Treatment of SIADH?
Fluid restriction demeclocycline
Hematuria flank pain and palpable flank mass.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Testicular cancer associated with beta-hCG AFP.
Choriocarcinoma
The most common type of testicular cancer.
Seminomaa type of germ cell tumor
The most common histology of bladder cancer.
Transitional cell carcinoma
Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia.
Central pontine myelinolysis
Salicylate ingestion leads to what type of acid-base disorder?
Anion gap acidosis and primary respiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation
Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women.
Respiratory alkalosis
Three systemic diseases leading to nephrotic syndrome.
DM SLE and amyloidosis
Elevated erythropoietin level elevated hematocrit and normal O2 saturation suggest?
RCC or other erythropoietin-producing tumor; evaluate with CT scan
A 55-year-old man presents with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. Treatment options?
Likely BPH. Options include no treatment terazosin finasteride or surgical intervention (TURP)
Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muscle rigidity hyperthermia autonomic instability and extrapyramidal symptoms.
Antipsychotics (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
Side effects of corticosteroids.
Acute mania immunosuppression thin skin osteoporosis easy bruising myopathies
Treatment for DTs.
Benzodiazepines
Treatment for acetaminophen overdose.
N-acetylcysteine
Treatment for opioid overdose.
Naloxone
Treatment for benzodiazepine overdose.
Flumazenil
Treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Dantrolene or bromocriptine
Treatment for malignant hypertension.
Nitroprusside
Treatment of AF.
Rate control rhythm conversion and anticoagulation
Treatment of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).
Rate control with carotid massasge or other vagal stimulation
Causes of drug-induced SLE.
INH penicillamine hydralazine procainamide
Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia with neurologic symptoms.
B12 deficiency
Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms.
Folate deficiency
A burn patient presents with cherry-red flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal but carboxyhemoglobin is elevated. Treatment?
Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2 or with hyperbaric O2 if severe poisoning or pregnant
Blood in the urethral meatus or high-riding prostate.
Bladder rupture or urethral injury
Test to rule out urethral injury.
Retrograde cystourethrogram
Radiographic evidence of aortic disruption or dissection.
Widened mediastinum (> 8 cm) loss of aortic knob pleural cap tracheal deviation to the right depression of left main stem bronchus
Radiographic indications for surgery in patients with acute abdomen.
Free air under the diaphragm extravasation of contrast severe bowl distention space-occupying lesion (CT) mesenteric occlusion (angiography)
The most common organism in burn-related infections.
Pseudomonas
Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients.
Parkland formula
Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient.
50 cc/hour
Acceptable urine output in a stable patient.
30 cc/hour
Cannon a waves.
Third-degree heart block
Signs of neurogenic shock.
Hypotension and bradycardia
Signs of inc’d ICP (Cushing’s triad).
Hypertension bradycardia and abnormal respirations
dec’d CO & pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) inc’d peripheral vascular resistance (PVR).
Hypovolemic shock
dec’d CO inc’d PCWP & PVR.
Cardiogenic shock
inc’d CO & PCWP dec’d PVR.
Septic or anaphylactic shock
Treatment of septic shock.
Fluids and antibiotics
Treatment of cardiogenic shock.
Identify cause; pressors (e.g. dobutamine)
Treatment of hypovolemic shock.
Identify cause; fluid and blood repletion
Treatment of anaphylactic shock.
Diphenhydramine or epinephrine 1:1000
Supportive treatment for ARDS.
Continuous positive airway pressure
Signs of air embolism.
A patient with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies
Trauma series.
AP chest AP/lateral C-spine AP pelvis
What is Murphy’s Sign? Significance?
Place your hand over RU abdominal quadrant while patient breathes & deep & patient aborts deep breath when liver/gall bladder hit examiner’s hand.
Means Cholecystitis
Dx?
Hypogonadism, Arthropathy, Diabetes, & Hepatomegaly
Hereditary Hemochromatosis
- AR disorder 2/2 HFE gene mutation causing inc’d intestinal iron absorption & deposition into multiple organs
- Also bronze skin pigmentation
- Restrictive or dilated cardiomyopathy w/ conduction abnormalities
- Inc’d susceptibility to infections w/ Listeria, Vibrio, & Yersinia
