S2 L1 Anatomy of the female Reproductive System

Question 1

Overview of the female reproductive system
- Anatomy

Answer 1

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Question 2

• Layers of the uterus
• Type of epithelium in the vagina, cervix, uterus

Answer 2

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Question 3

Microstructure of the ovary:

• Anatomy of the ovary
• What is the sharp pain at ovulation from?
• Why do nuns increase chance of getting ovarian cancer?

Answer 3

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Question 4

• *Clinical correlates:**
• What are these?
• Problems with twisting of the ovaries?

Answer 4

Ovarian cysts

Question 5

Parts and relations of the uterus

• Anatomy of the uterus
• Structures around the uterus

Answer 5

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Question 6

Cervix: What does this look like…

• What does a normal one look like?
• String from IUD
• High oestrogen levels
• Cervical cancer

Answer 6

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Question 7

How does the uterus expand as the fetus grows?

What does this mean for other anatomy?

Answer 7

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Question 8

More detail on the uterine tubes:

• Anatomy
• Histology of the ampulla: Epithelium (type) and role, ‘peg’ cells role
• Ectopic pregnancy: What is this? Problem
• Why can an ectopic pregnancy lead to pain in top of right shoulder?

Answer 8

Pain in shoulder:

Visceral referred pain →
Ectopic pregnancy causes haemorrhage →
Blood comes into the peritoneum, affects the diaphragm
(particularly the left as liver in the way on the right) →
Diaphragm nerve is C3, C4, C5, dermatomes of C3, C4, C5 and by the shoulder

Question 9

Where is there an opening in the uterine tubes?

Answer 9

The opening of the fallopian tube at the infundibulum is in
direct communication with the peritoneal cavity, which allows

Question 10

The Uterus and the peritoneum:

• Names and locations of the two pouches in the peritoneum
• Clinical important of one of the pouches

Answer 10

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Question 11

Uterus and ovary - peritoneal ligaments
- Label the diagram

Answer 11

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Question 12

Uterus and the peritoneum 2
- label

Answer 12

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Question 13

Broad ligament

• What is this ligament?
• 3 sections of it and there locations

Answer 13

Question 14

Ligaments associated with the ovary

Answer 14

Also round ligament

Question 15

Sagittal section of broad ligament

Answer 15

Question 16

Blood supply, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage to the female reproductive organs

• Right ovary
• Left ovary
• Uterus
• Cervix
• Vagina

Answer 16

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Question 17

Describing the position of the uterus and vagina

• 3 axis (name and describe)
• 2 angles
• Describe the two angles
• 4 variations (one of these is ‘the normal’)

Answer 17

Normal position and exes of the uterus:
Normally the uterus lies in the position of anteversion and anteflexion

→ Anteversion: The long axis of the cervix is normally bent forward on the long axis of vagina forming an angle of about 90 degrees (this position is called the position of anteversion)
→ Anteflexion: The long axis of the body of the uterus is bent forward at the level of the isthmus (internal os) on the long axis of cervix forming an angle of 170 degrees (this position of the uterus is knwon as anteflexion)

Question 18

How is antervesion/anteflexion maintained?

Answer 18

Role of the round ligament

Question 19

Microanatomy of the vagina

• Epithelium
• Role of the vacuoles
• Douching kit

Answer 19

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Question 20

Vulva

• What is this?
• Anatomy

Answer 20

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Question 21

Female genital mutilation

Answer 21

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Question 22

The importance of an appreciation of the anatomy of transgender women

• To remember
• How anatomy changed from M to F

Answer 22

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