S2 Flashcards
What’s an organic compound
Must have carbon present and usually contains carbon bonded to hydrogen
What’s an inorganic compound
Must have carbon present but not bonded to hydrogen
What is the bond angle and electron domain geometry when a compound has 2 ELECTRON DOMAINS
180 degrees
EDG - Linear
What is the bond angle and electron domain geometry when a compound has 3 ELECTRON DOMAINS
Bond Angle - 120 degrees
EDG - Trigonal Planar
What is the EDG, MG, and bond angle When the number of electron pairs is 3
bonding pairs :3
lone pairs : 0
Trigonal Planar
120 degrees.
What is the EDG, MG, and bond angle When the number of electron pairs is 3
bonding pairs : 2
lone pairs : 1
bent 118 degrees
What is the EDG, MG, and bond angle When the number of electron pairs is 4
bonding pairs 4
lone pairs : 0
tetrahedral
109.5 degrees
What is the EDG, MG, and bond angle When the number of electron pairs is 4
bonding pairs : 3
lone pairs : 1
Trigonal pyramidal
107
(each lone pair takes away 2-2.5 degrees)
What is the EDG, MG, and bond angle When the number of electron pairs is 4
bonding pairs : 2
lone pairs : 2
Bent
104.5 degreee
electron pairs refer to
electron domains
What is the rule with Be
can form an incomplete octet was only 2 bonding pairs
What is the rule with B
can form incomplete octet with only 3 bonding pairs
What’s a covalent bond
The electrostatic attraction between the nuclei of two atoms and a shared pair of electrons
What creates the electrostatic attraction in a covalent bond
The opposite charges of the positively charges nuclei and negatively charged electrons cause this electrostatic attraction
What are non-polar bonds
they are composed of atoms with similar or the same electronegativity values and similar levels of attraction.
eg O2 and H2
What electronegativity value correlates to a non-polar bond
0.1-0.4
What electronegativity value correlates to a polar bond
0.4-1.7
The atom with a greater attraction to the electrons (polar covalent bond) results in what?
greater electron density
The atom with a greater electronegativity and higher density will have a symbol of
delta negative
The atom with a smaller electronegativity and lower density will have a symbol of
delta positive
Is the molecules is asymmetrical then the polar/non-polar bonds will
not cancel out
If the molecules are symmetrical then the polar /non-polar bonds will
cancel out
What molecular geometry of diamond
Tetrahedral
109 .5
Molecular geometry of graphite
trigonal planar
120
What would the molecular geometry of fullerenes be
trigonal planar
120
4 types of intermolecular forces
• London dispersion
• Dipole-induced dipole
• Dipole - Dipole
• Hydrogen bonding
What are Intramolecular forces
within molecules (long line)
Examples Covalent and Ionic
Stronger than Intermolecular
What are Intermolecular Forces
Between molecules (dashed lines)
Example Dipole dipole, Hydrogen bonding , London Dispersion
Weaker than Intramolecular
London dispersion forces exist between
ALL molecules
How strong are london dispersion forces
they are the weakest intermolecular force
If polar bonds are not arranged symmetrically in a molecule then the molecule will have a
PERMANENT DIPOLE
A dipole dipole force will only exist between
two asymmetrical molecules that each have a permanent dipole
What is stronger dipole dipole forced or london dispersion forces
dipole-dipole
Why do the boiling points of halogens increase as their molecular masses increase
The intermolecular attraction due to temporarily induced dipoles increases
Hydrogen bonding only occurs when
molecules have a bond between hydrogen and FLUORINE , OXYGEN OR NITROGEN
the electronegative element must have a lone pair
What is an electron domain
single bond
double bond
triple bond
lone pair
single bonds are the
longest
