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Chem HL > S1.1 > Flashcards

S1.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Elements and Compounds are pure substances define pure substance

A

Only one type of substance and have a fixed composition

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2
Q

Mixtures are made by combing two or more pure substances together therefore they do not have a

A

fixed composition

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3
Q

Define element

A

a pure substance that is made of only one type of atom

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4
Q

Define molecule

A

a group of atoms covalently bonded together

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5
Q

Define allotropes

A

Different firmed of an element in the same physical state

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6
Q

Define compounds

A

Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more different elements combined in fixed ratios

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7
Q

Compounds cannot be separated using

A

physical methods

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8
Q

Mixtures are not

A

PURE SUBSTANCES

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9
Q

Mixtures contain pure substances that are not chemically bonded so they CAN be separated by

A

Physical Methods

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10
Q

Define Homogenous Mixture

A

Uniform composition and properties

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11
Q

Define Heterogeneous Mixture

A

Non-uniform composition and varying properties

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12
Q

A mixture of oil and water is a type of

A

heterogeneous mixture

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13
Q

Salt and water is an example

A

Homogeneous

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14
Q

Air is an example of

A

Homogenous

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15
Q

Components are not chemically bonded in

A

heterogeneous and homogenous

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16
Q

What are the 6 Physical Methods to obtain a pure substance from Mixtures ?

A

• Filtration
• Evaporation
• Solvation
• Distillation
• Paper Chromatography
• Recrystallisation

17
Q

Filtration is ..

A

the separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid or solution

18
Q

An example of Filtration is

A

Sand and Water (heterogeneous)

19
Q

Evaporation is used

A

to separate a mixture which has a solute dissolved in a solvent

20
Q

An example of use of evaporation is

A

Salt and Water
- solution heated in an evaporating dish and the solvent (water) evaporates leaving the solute(salt) behind

21
Q

Solvation (heterogeneous) is

A

the separation of heterogeneous mixture of two solids based on differences in solubility- one soluble in the solvent the other is insoluble

22
Q

After solvation what often is next

A

the soluble solid is dissolved in the solution and the insoluble solid can be separated by filtration. The soluble substance can be separated by evaporation

23
Q

Distillation involves

A

the separation of a liquid mixture based on the difference in boiling points

24
Q

Distillation used examples

A

ethanol and water
components of crude oil

25
Q

Paper Chromatography is

A

used to separate a mixture of solutes in a solvent

26
Q

In Paper chromatography the components will move further up

A

if they have greater affinity for the mobile phase due to having greater interaction with the solvent molecules

27
Q

Recrystallisation is

A

used to remove impurities that are mixed in with a solid

(purify a solute dissolved in a solution)

28
Q

What are the four theory’s of state of matter

A

• All matter is made up of small particles
• Particles all have kinetic energy which causes them to
move
• All matter occupies volume and space
•

29
Q

What are the particles like in a solid

A

• Least amount of energy
• Held in fixed positions (vibrate around a fixed point)
• Very strong forces of attraction held between particles (fixed shape and volume)

30
Q

What are the particles like in a liquid

A

• More spread out but still attracted to each-other
• Still forces of attraction but weaker than in a solid
• Don’t have a fixed shape tend to take the same shape as the bottom of the container
• Particles in a liquid are still close together therefore liquids can’t be compressed

31
Q

What are the particles like in a gas

A

• Particles are very spread out (can be compressed) and move randomly
• Weakest forces of attraction
• Do not have a fixed shape or volume

32
Q

During a change of state explain why temperature remains constant

A

because all added heat is used to overcome intermolecular forces

33
Q

What is the endothermic processes in states of matter

A

melting
evaporation
sublimation

34
Q

What is the exothermic processes in states of matter

A

Condensation freezing deposition

35
Q

An increase in kinetic energy of the particles causes

A

an increase in temperature

36
Q

Aqueous solutions are an example of

A

homogeneous mixtures

Chem HL (13 decks)

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