S1_L4: Communication, Learning, and Change

Question 1

Enumerate the 7 principles of communication

Answer 1

1. People select what they see or hear
2. Interpret selectively what they see or hear
3. Choose what they want to remember and what they want to forget
4. Words do not have meaning
5. Meanings are in people
6. Meanings are in context
7. Meanings are in relationships

Question 2

Change process: The changes that happen according to the knowledge and perception of a person or thing
A. Cognition change
B. Attitude change
C. Behavior change
D. Social change

Answer 2

A. Cognition change

Question 3

Change process: Happens when one departures from the existing ways or means of doing things, which results in changing the whole system
A. Cognition change
B. Attitude change
C. Behavior change
D. Social change

Answer 3

D. Social change

Question 4

Change process: Alterations depending on the perceived knowledge,
attitude and practice
A. Cognition change
B. Attitude change
C. Behavior change
D. Social change

Answer 4

C. Behavior change

Question 4

Change process: Individual beliefs, predisposition, intention and
tendencies
A. Cognition change
B. Attitude change
C. Behavior change
D. Social change

Answer 4

B. Attitude change

Question 5

Model of attitude change: Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitude, creates an uncomfortable
feeling or stress
A. Kelman’s Three Processes of Social Influence
B. Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
C. Yale Attitude Change Model

Answer 5

B. Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

Question 6

Model of attitude change: studies the condition under which people are most likely to change their attitude in response to persuasive messages; “who said what to whom”
A. Kelman’s Three Processes of Social Influence
B. Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
C. Yale Attitude Change Model

Answer 6

C. Yale Attitude Change Model

Question 6

Kelman’s Three Processes of Social Influence: Conforming to someone who is liked or respected (e.g. celebrity, influencer, clinician, professor).
A. Compliance
B. Identification
C. Internalization

Answer 6

B. Identification

Identifying yourself to that person which influences your social attitude change

Question 7

Kelman’s Three Processes of Social Influence: An intention for change happens if you accept the belief or behavior that is conforming at the
public or private level
A. Compliance
B. Identification
C. Internalization

Answer 7

C. Internalization

Question 8

Kelman’s Three Processes of Social Influence: Public conformity while keeping others privately. Sometimes you do not want to do it but you want to
conform to practices of the society so you still do it.
A. Compliance
B. Identification
C. Internalization

Answer 8

A. Compliance

Question 9

Model of social change: Change is based on the communication of information and the incentive or gains the person has on it. If the person sees that it can benefit them, change is likely to happen, because people are rational and whatever it is that they think they will benefit from and will create an
impact.
A. Empirical
B. Normative Re-educative Strategies
C. Power-coersive Strategies

Answer 9

A. Empirical

Question 10

Model of social change: People are social beings with norms to follow and
wil always adhere to the norms and values. Change is based on redefining and re-interpreting existing norms and values and developing to new ones.
A. Empirical
B. Normative Re-educative Strategies
C. Power-coersive Strategies

Answer 10

B. Normative Re-educative Strategies

Question 11

Model of social change: Uses authority to threaten and get people to comply
A. Empirical
B. Normative Re-educative Strategies
C. Power-coersive Strategies

Answer 11

C. Power-coersive Strategies

Question 12

Model of social change: There is a need to have satisfactory relationships in an area to support change.
A. Empirical
B. Normative Re-educative Strategies
C. Power-coersive Strategies

Answer 12

B. Normative Re-educative Strategies

Question 13

Model of behavior change: A person’s belief in a personal threat of a disease or an illness, together with a person’s belief in the effectiveness of the recommended health behavior or action, will predict the likelihood that the person will adapt the behavior

A. The Health Belief Model
B. The Communication-Behavior Change Model
C. The Precede-Proceed Model
D. The Transtheoretical Model
E. Karl’s Psychosocial Model

Answer 13

A. The Health Belief Model

Question 14

Model of behavior change: Strategy which encourages individuals to change their behavior.

A. The Health Belief Model
B. The Communication-Behavior Change Model
C. The Precede-Proceed Model
D. The Transtheoretical Model
E. Karl’s Psychosocial Model

Answer 14

B. The Communication-Behavior Change Model

Question 15

Model of behavior change: Model by Lawrence W. Green with 9 phases
A. The Health Belief Model
B. The Communication-Behavior Change Model
C. The Precede-Proceed Model
D. The Transtheoretical Model
E. Karl’s Psychosocial Model

Answer 15

C. The Precede-Proceed Model

Question 16

Model of behavior change: Model by Prochaska and Velicer with 5 stages. It defines the varying degrees of readiness to engage in a specific behavior and to respect each stage.
A. The Health Belief Model
B. The Communication-Behavior Change Model
C. The Precede-Proceed Model
D. The Transtheoretical Model
E. Karl’s Psychosocial Model

Answer 16

D. The Transtheoretical Model

Question 17

Model of behavior change: Explains the causation of illness due to the effects of the 3 circles (Biology, Psychology, Social Interactions). These all affect the health-disease of a person.

A. The Health Belief Model
B. The Communication-Behavior Change Model
C. The Precede-Proceed Model
D. The Transtheoretical Model
E. Kar’s Psychosocial Model

Answer 17

E. Kar’s Psychosocial Model

Question 17

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: Social problems that can affect the QOL of the target population are identified and evaluated.
A. Phase 1: Social Assessment
B. Phase 2: Epidemiologic Assessment
C. Phase 3: Behavioral & Environmental Assessment
D. Phase 4: Educational & Ecological Assessment
E. Phase 5: Administrative Policy Assessment

Answer 17

A. Phase 1: Social Assessment

Question 18

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: Behaviors, practices, lifestyles and environment
are checked in this phase
A. Phase 1: Social Assessment
B. Phase 2: Epidemiologic Assessment
C. Phase 3: Behavioral & Environmental Assessment
D. Phase 4: Educational & Ecological Assessment
E. Phase 5: Administrative Policy Assessment

Answer 18

C. Phase 3: Behavioral & Environmental Assessment

Question 19

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: Phase wherein health problems are associated with QOL through diagnosis. It determines the problems and priorities where we can set the target population.
A. Phase 1: Social Assessment
B. Phase 2: Epidemiologic Assessment
C. Phase 3: Behavioral & Environmental Assessment
D. Phase 4: Educational & Ecological Assessment
E. Phase 5: Administrative Policy Assessment

Answer 19

B. Phase 2: Epidemiologic Assessment

Question 20

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: Checks the predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors
A. Phase 1: Social Assessment
B. Phase 2: Epidemiologic Assessment
C. Phase 3: Behavioral & Environmental Assessment
D. Phase 4: Educational & Ecological Assessment
E. Phase 5: Administrative Policy Assessment

Answer 20

D. Phase 4: Educational & Ecological Assessment

Question 21

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: Analyzes goals of a program with the organization and asks for existing policies
A. Phase 1: Social Assessment
B. Phase 2: Epidemiologic Assessment
C. Phase 3: Behavioral & Environmental Assessment
D. Phase 4: Educational & Ecological Assessment
E. Phase 5: Administrative Policy Assessment

Answer 21

E. Phase 5: Administrative Policy Assessment

It also studies the resources that we can use in implementing the program (if they facilitate or hinder it)

Question 22

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: Information regarding the social problem is gained by using various methods such as interviews, FGDs, surveys, or community forums A. Phase 1: Social Assessment B. Phase 2: Epidemiologic Assessment C. Phase 3: Behavioral & Environmental Assessment D. Phase 4: Educational & Ecological Assessment E. Phase 5: Administrative Policy Assessment

Answer 22

A. Phase 1: Social Assessment

Question 23

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: In this phase, we get epidemiologic data about the disability, incidence and prevalence of diseases. A. Phase 1: Social Assessment B. Phase 2: Epidemiologic Assessment C. Phase 3: Behavioral & Environmental Assessment D. Phase 4: Educational & Ecological Assessment E. Phase 5: Administrative Policy Assessment

Answer 23

B. Phase 2: Epidemiologic Assessment

Question 24

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: Plan program is put into action A. Phase 6: Implementation B. Phase 7: Process Evaluation C. Phase 8: Impact Evaluation D. Phase 9: Outcome Evaluation

Answer 24

A. Phase 6: Implementation

Question 25

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: Upon implementation, evaluate the process to determine if the program is being conducted as planned or if there is a need for modifications to improve the program A. Phase 6: Implementation B. Phase 7: Process Evaluation C. Phase 8: Impact Evaluation D. Phase 9: Outcome Evaluation

Answer 25

B. Phase 7: Process Evaluation

Question 26

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: Carried out immediately after implementation of the program A. Phase 6: Implementation B. Phase 7: Process Evaluation C. Phase 8: Impact Evaluation D. Phase 9: Outcome Evaluation

Answer 26

C. Phase 8: Impact Evaluation

Question 27

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: Measures the achievement of the overall objective of the program and change in the QOL of the population that we are targeting A. Phase 6: Implementation B. Phase 7: Process Evaluation C. Phase 8: Impact Evaluation D. Phase 9: Outcome Evaluation

Answer 27

D. Phase 9: Outcome Evaluation

Question 28

Phase of Precede-Proceed Model: It determines if the program was successful and also helps to determine the change in predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors. A. Phase 6: Implementation B. Phase 7: Process Evaluation C. Phase 8: Impact Evaluation D. Phase 9: Outcome Evaluation

Answer 28

C. Phase 8: Impact Evaluation Note: It has to be done immediately in order to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the program.

Question 29

Transtheoretical Model Stage: Not thinking about changing the behavior at all A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action E. Maintenance

Answer 29

A. Precontemplation

Question 30

Transtheoretical Model Stage: Start to feel ambivalent of the behavior A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action E. Maintenance

Answer 30

B. Contemplation

Question 31

Transtheoretical Model Stage: A person is committed to changing the behavior but does not start to change yet A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action E. Maintenance

Answer 31

C. Preparation

Question 32

Transtheoretical Model Stage: Start in stopping the practice; geared towards better behavior A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action E. Maintenance

Answer 32

D. Action

Question 33

Transtheoretical Model Stage: Developed the habit already, maintaining it consistently through time A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action E. Maintenance

Answer 33

E. Maintenance

Question 34

Element of learning: Person can make a choice whether they will do it or not, learn it or not A. Goal B. Readiness C. Situation D. Consequence

Answer 34

C. Situation

Question 35

Element of learning: Relevant to the needs and concerns of the person A. Goal B. Readiness C. Situation D. Consequence

Answer 35

A. Goal

Question 36

Element of learning: Person must be physically, emotionally, and mentally prepared to handle the change in behavior A. Goal B. Readiness C. Situation D. Consequence

Answer 36

B. Readiness

Question 37

Element of learning: Person would try to experiment with other behaviors which would confirm their expectations or own hypothesis before establish a learning stage A. Response B. Interpretation C. Reaction to Thwarting

Answer 37

C. Reaction to Thwarting

Question 38

Element of learning: ___ of the information depends on a person’s socioeconomic status, values, and norms. A. Response B. Interpretation C. Reaction to Thwarting

Answer 38

B. Interpretation

Question 39

Behaviorist learning theory: Methods of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior; behavior and consequence A. Pavlov B. Thorndike C. Skinner

Answer 39

C. Skinner

Question 40

Behaviorist learning theory: Responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation A. Pavlov B. Thorndike C. Skinner

Answer 40

B. Thorndike

Question 41

Behaviorist learning theory: Consists of associating an initially neutral stimulus with a meaningful stimulus. It can provoke a new response through its association with a significant stimulus. A. Pavlov B. Thorndike C. Skinner

Answer 41

A. Pavlov

Question 42

Behaviorist learning theory: LAW OF EXERCISE & LAW OF EFFECT A. Pavlov B. Thorndike C. Skinner

Answer 42

B. Thorndike

Question 43

Behaviorist learning theory: Operant conditioning A. Pavlov B. Thorndike C. Skinner

Answer 43

C. Skinner

Question 44

Cognitive learning theory: Learning generally involved the acquisition of knowledge about the world, in particular about the relationships among stimuli, and between stimuli and their consequences A. Bandura B. Thorndike C. Skinner D. Tolman

Answer 44

D. Tolman

Question 45

Humanist learning theory: People make judgements about the interplay among environment, personal factors, and consequences of your behavior A. Bandura B. Thorndike C. Skinner D. Tolman

Answer 45

A. Bandura - Social Cognitive Theory

Question 46

Cognitive learning theory: Cognitive Mapping A. Bandura B. Thorndike C. Skinner D. Tolman

Answer 46

D. Tolman

Question 47

Humanist learning theory: People are agentic, they are proactive in making their way through the intricacies and dualities of life as influenced by the personality and the society. They are not passive, or shaped and shepherded by contingent consequences of an environment. A. Bandura B. Thorndike C. Skinner D. Tolman

Answer 47

A. Bandura

Question 48

Communication method: Channels where large numbers of people are addressed A. Interpersonal communication B. Mass media communication

Answer 48

B. Mass media communication

Question 49

Communication method: Intrusive; Target groups makes little to no effort to be able to receive the message A. Interpersonal communication B. Mass media communication

Answer 49

B. Mass media communication

Question 50

Communication method: High capability to select particular audience A. Interpersonal communication B. Mass media communication

Answer 50

A. Interpersonal communication

Question 51

Communication method: Two way flow of communication; Can fit to local or individual needs A. Interpersonal communication B. Mass media communication

Answer 51

A. Interpersonal communication

Question 52

Communication method: Allows for immediate feedback and in depth discussion of topics A. Interpersonal communication B. Mass media communication

Answer 52

A. Interpersonal communication

Question 53

Mass media communication 1. Targets majority of the population 2. Newspapers, Social Educate 3. The message can only be delivered to those with: pamphlets, information sheets, newsletters, posters, t-shirts, videos 4. Television, Radio, Magazines 5. Folk Media A. Limited reach media B. Mass reach media

Answer 53

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B

Question 54

Enumerate the 5 steps of the learning cycle:

Answer 54

1. Needs assessment 2. Formulation of goals and objectives 3. Plan or Design 4. Implementation 5. Evaluate

Question 55

Step of training cycle: To guide the trainer about which parts of the course have been successful and which parts need to be improved A. Needs assessment B. Formulation of goals and objectives C. Plan or Design D. Implementation E. Evaluate

Answer 55

E. Evaluate

Question 56

Step of training cycle: The operation of all the activities with and for the participants to achieve the objectives A. Needs assessment B. Formulation of goals and objectives C. Plan or Design D. Implementation E. Evaluate

Answer 56

D. Implementation

Question 57

Step of training cycle: The training methods or strategies you will use A. Needs assessment B. Formulation of goals and objectives C. Plan or Design D. Implementation E. Evaluate

Answer 57

C. Plan or Design

Question 58

Step of training cycle: An intent communication by a statement describing a proposed change in the learner A. Needs assessment B. Formulation of goals and objectives C. Plan or Design D. Implementation E. Evaluate

Answer 58

B. Formulation of goals and objectives

Question 59

Step of training cycle: The starting point of the training process that will help the trainer decide on what the trainee must learn A. Needs assessment B. Formulation of goals and objectives C. Plan or Design D. Implementation E. Evaluate

Answer 59

A. Needs assessment

Question 60

Step of training cycle: very similar to situational analysis or SWOT analysis A. Needs assessment B. Formulation of goals and objectives C. Plan or Design D. Implementation E. Evaluate

Answer 60

A. Needs assessment

Question 60

Step of training cycle: Must be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time bound). The statement of what the learner is to be like when he has successfully completed a training. A. Needs assessment B. Formulation of goals and objectives C. Plan or Design D. Implementation E. Evaluate

Answer 60

B. Formulation of goals and objectives

Question 61

Step of training cycle: For those who want to conduct the training again. To determine if the trainees can do the task well and guide them about which topics or skills they need to learn more. A. Needs assessment B. Formulation of goals and objectives C. Plan or Design D. Implementation E. Evaluate

Answer 61

E. Evaluate

Question 62

Classification of strategy: For secondary and tertiary prevention A. Focus on individual B. Focus on groups C. Focus on whole population

Answer 62

A. Focus on individual

Question 63

Classification of strategy: Number of persons in one setting at the same time A. Focus on individual B. Focus on groups C. Focus on whole population

Answer 63

B. Focus on groups

Question 64

Classification of strategy: Appropriate in all types of settings and in all levels of prevention A. Focus on individual B. Focus on groups C. Focus on whole population

Answer 64

B. Focus on groups

Question 64

What does PRECEDE stand for?

Answer 64

Predisposing, Reinforcing, Enabling, Construct in, Educational, Diagnosis and Evaluation

Question 65

What does PROCEED stand for?

Answer 65

Policy, Regulatory, Organizational, Construct in, Educational and Environmental, Development

Question 66

Communication Behavior Change Model 1. Educate 2. Reinforce changes, reminder communications 3. Facilitate action 4. Create awareness; change values and beliefs 5. Persuade and motivate A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action E. Maintenance

Answer 66

1. C 2. E 3. D 4. A 5. B

Question 67

Behaviorist learning theory: Classical conditioning A. Pavlov B. Thorndike C. Skinner

Answer 67

A. Pavlov

Question 68

Classification of strategy: Interactive nature provides better possibilities for success A. Focus on individual B. Focus on groups C. Focus on whole population

Answer 68

A. Focus on individual

Question 69

Classification of strategy: Cost effective and for empowerment A. Focus on individual B. Focus on groups C. Focus on whole population

Answer 69

C. Focus on whole population

Question 70

Classification of strategy: Utilizes mass media A. Focus on individual B. Focus on groups C. Focus on whole population

Answer 70

C. Focus on whole population