S1-L1: Intro to Cell Biology

Question 1

Outline the 7 processes common to living things

Answer 1

Movement/Sensitivity/Growth/Reproduction/Excretion/Nutrition/Respiration

Question 2

Give a brief definition/meaning of the processes of living things identified

Answer 2

• Movement-state of changing something
• Sensitivity-measure of how strong stimulus must be for system to react
• Growth-birth to death. Organism development. Also refers to cell growth
• Reproduction-“offspring” development from parents-2 forms are asexual (solo) & sexual (partner needed)
• Excretion-waster removal from organisms + animal/plants
• Nutrition-taking food for growth/metabolism + repair
• Respiration-plant + animal cells release energy from glucose-energy used to power all cell biological processes (two types-aerobic/anaerobic).

Question 3

Define “neurones”

Answer 3

nerve cells- process & transmit info via electrical + chemical signals

Question 4

What are cells and describe them?

Answer 4

• basic unit of life-make up everything
• all cells originate from pre-existing ones
• some specialized for certain function

Question 5

Outline the link between cells and the necessary processes of life

Answer 5

• processes needed for life carried out by cells

- cells display 7 basic characteristics of life

Question 6

In which area of study is cell function reflected?

Answer 6

-anatomy & bio-chem

Question 7

Define MOVEMENT

Answer 7

-living things able to control +direct where & when to move

Question 8

Describe the following examples of movement

1-Plants-phototropism
2-Bacteria/sperm-“swimming”
3-Blood cells (neutrophils)-chasing

Answer 8

1-plant cells able to orientate to light
2-these cells-swim via flagellum to get to certain place
3-these cells chase bacteria before engulfing

Question 9

What is SENSITIVITY?

Answer 9

-Living things able to detect + respond to environmental changes around them like light/sound/smell

Question 10

Describe REPRODUCTION

Answer 10

• cell’s ability to form daughter cells via mitosis

- ->nucleus contains genetic info which duplicated

Question 11

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 11

-Lets cells in tissues to divide for growth & repair

Question 12

Define GROWTH

Answer 12

-Increase in size/maturity & complexity

Question 13

Outline and describe NUTRITION & EXCRETION

Answer 13

• Nutrients provide raw material for energy to fuel life processes like growth + repair
• chemical processes for life lead to toxic/waste produce which excrete

Question 14

Define and briefly explain “cellular respiration”

Answer 14

• Oxidation of organic food molecules like glucose to CO2 + H20 (water)
• ->energy released trapped in ATP form to use by all energy consuming activities of cell

Question 15

How does cellular respiration differ to physiological respiration?

Answer 15

• O2 movement outside of cell to within tissues

- also transport of CO2 in opposite direction (in to out)

Question 16

What is the definition of CHEMICAL COMPONENETS?

Answer 16

-distribution of individual substances which constitute mixture-“components”

Question 17

Define CELL COMPONENTS (organelles)

Answer 17

-complex bio-molecules/structures which compose cell like cell wall/nucleus etc.

Question 18

Outline each of the following LEVELS OF ORGANISATION:

1-CELLS

2-TISSUES

3-ORGAN

Answer 18

1-basic building block of living things

2-collection of interconnected cells performing similar function

3-tissue group in living organisms adapted to perform specific bodily functions

Question 19

4-ORGAN SYSTEM

5-ORGANISM

6-POPULATION

Answer 19

4-group of organs working together to perform function

5-individual animal/plant/single-celled life form

6-all inhabitants of particular area

Question 20

Analyse figure A to understand the diversity of cells

Answer 20

-diagram/pics on notes

Question 21

Outline and describe the following basic features of Animal cells:

1-NUCLEUS

2-CYTOPLASM

3-PLASMA MEMBRANE

Answer 21

1-control centre–>genetic info contained as DNA

2-gel-like mix –>bio-chemical reactions happen in it

3-found around cell

• functions as selective barrier
• controls movement of materials in + out of cell

Question 22

What do some animal cells also contain?

Answer 22

-vacuole

Question 23

Define and briefly explain the following features of Plant cells:

1-RIGID CELL WALL

2-LARGE VACUOLE

3-CHLOROPLASTS

Answer 23

1-composed of cellulose fibers which outside plasma membrane

2-fluid-filled space/vesicle within cytoplasm–>enclosed by membrane

3-small round structure–>contain chlorophyll (green pigment)

Question 24

What process are chloroplasts used for in plants and describe the process

Answer 24

• For photosynthesis

- ->sunlight used to synthesis nutrients from CO2 + H20 –>O2 releases as by product

Question 25

Study the figure B and understand the structures found in it

Answer 25

-plant cell diagram

Question 26

Summary of main points from lecture

Answer 26

• 7 processes needed to sustain life
• cell’s basic units of life
• cell’s have specialist functions reflected by differing bio-chemistry & anatomic features
• cells make up tissues AND organs–>which then make up multi-cellular organism (e.g humans)
• all cells contain nucleus/cytoplasm/organelles bound by plasma membrane.