S1-L1: Intro to Cell Biology Flashcards
Outline the 7 processes common to living things
Movement/Sensitivity/Growth/Reproduction/Excretion/Nutrition/Respiration
Give a brief definition/meaning of the processes of living things identified
- Movement-state of changing something
- Sensitivity-measure of how strong stimulus must be for system to react
- Growth-birth to death. Organism development. Also refers to cell growth
- Reproduction-“offspring” development from parents-2 forms are asexual (solo) & sexual (partner needed)
- Excretion-waster removal from organisms + animal/plants
- Nutrition-taking food for growth/metabolism + repair
- Respiration-plant + animal cells release energy from glucose-energy used to power all cell biological processes (two types-aerobic/anaerobic).
Define “neurones”
nerve cells- process & transmit info via electrical + chemical signals
What are cells and describe them?
- basic unit of life-make up everything
- all cells originate from pre-existing ones
- some specialized for certain function
Outline the link between cells and the necessary processes of life
- processes needed for life carried out by cells
- cells display 7 basic characteristics of life
In which area of study is cell function reflected?
-anatomy & bio-chem
Define MOVEMENT
-living things able to control +direct where & when to move
Describe the following examples of movement
1-Plants-phototropism
2-Bacteria/sperm-“swimming”
3-Blood cells (neutrophils)-chasing
1-plant cells able to orientate to light
2-these cells-swim via flagellum to get to certain place
3-these cells chase bacteria before engulfing
What is SENSITIVITY?
-Living things able to detect + respond to environmental changes around them like light/sound/smell
Describe REPRODUCTION
- cell’s ability to form daughter cells via mitosis
- ->nucleus contains genetic info which duplicated
What is the purpose of mitosis?
-Lets cells in tissues to divide for growth & repair
Define GROWTH
-Increase in size/maturity & complexity
Outline and describe NUTRITION & EXCRETION
- Nutrients provide raw material for energy to fuel life processes like growth + repair
- chemical processes for life lead to toxic/waste produce which excrete
Define and briefly explain “cellular respiration”
- Oxidation of organic food molecules like glucose to CO2 + H20 (water)
- ->energy released trapped in ATP form to use by all energy consuming activities of cell
How does cellular respiration differ to physiological respiration?
- O2 movement outside of cell to within tissues
- also transport of CO2 in opposite direction (in to out)
What is the definition of CHEMICAL COMPONENETS?
-distribution of individual substances which constitute mixture-“components”
Define CELL COMPONENTS (organelles)
-complex bio-molecules/structures which compose cell like cell wall/nucleus etc.
Outline each of the following LEVELS OF ORGANISATION:
1-CELLS
2-TISSUES
3-ORGAN
1-basic building block of living things
2-collection of interconnected cells performing similar function
3-tissue group in living organisms adapted to perform specific bodily functions
4-ORGAN SYSTEM
5-ORGANISM
6-POPULATION
4-group of organs working together to perform function
5-individual animal/plant/single-celled life form
6-all inhabitants of particular area
Analyse figure A to understand the diversity of cells
-diagram/pics on notes
Outline and describe the following basic features of Animal cells:
1-NUCLEUS
2-CYTOPLASM
3-PLASMA MEMBRANE
1-control centre–>genetic info contained as DNA
2-gel-like mix –>bio-chemical reactions happen in it
3-found around cell
- functions as selective barrier
- controls movement of materials in + out of cell
What do some animal cells also contain?
-vacuole
Define and briefly explain the following features of Plant cells:
1-RIGID CELL WALL
2-LARGE VACUOLE
3-CHLOROPLASTS
1-composed of cellulose fibers which outside plasma membrane
2-fluid-filled space/vesicle within cytoplasm–>enclosed by membrane
3-small round structure–>contain chlorophyll (green pigment)
What process are chloroplasts used for in plants and describe the process
- For photosynthesis
- ->sunlight used to synthesis nutrients from CO2 + H20 –>O2 releases as by product
Study the figure B and understand the structures found in it
-plant cell diagram
Summary of main points from lecture
- 7 processes needed to sustain life
- cell’s basic units of life
- cell’s have specialist functions reflected by differing bio-chemistry & anatomic features
- cells make up tissues AND organs–>which then make up multi-cellular organism (e.g humans)
- all cells contain nucleus/cytoplasm/organelles bound by plasma membrane.
