S1 - Disease Surveillance Flashcards
Who is the main international player conducting global surveillance?
The WHO
What laws must the WHO operate under in order to conduct global surveillance?
The International Health Regulations (IHR)
What is the order of players involved in reporting global surveillance (From local data collection all the way to the WHO)?
Field surveillance –>
National focal point (E.g. CDC) –>
Regional contact point (E.g. The Pan-American Health Organization) –>
WHO
What weekly report does the CDC release on surveillance and research activities?
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
What are syphilis, smallpox, and AIDS examples of (Regarding data collection in the U.S. around infectious disease control)?
These are examples of reportable diseases .
(AIDS, chickenpox, gonorrhea, hepatitis A and B, measles, mumps, rubella, salmonella, shigella, syphilis, and TB
What are some of the fundamental components of surveillance programs?
Catchment areas
Case-report forms (CRFs)
What is a catchment area? When should one be designated in forming a surveillance plan?
A catchment area is the defined geographic region in which the surveillance will be operated.
The catchment area designation is the first step in the surveillance program design.
What is a case-report form?
Data collection tool (Basically a survey) where information on sick -or suspected to be sick- individuals can be recorded.
What are the first three essential steps in planning and running a successful surveillance program? What are some important components of each?
- System design (Catchment area designation, disease identification protocols, reporting process set up, etc.)
- Data collection (CRFs, contact tracing, etc.)
- Collation (Data aggregation, standardization, and organization)
What are essential steps four and five in planning and running a successful surveillance program? What are some important components of each?
- Analysis (Statistical / epidemiological measures)
5. Interpretation (Rates, vulnerable / geographic areas, morbidity / mortality, etc.)
What are the final two essential steps in planning and running a successful surveillance program? What are some important components of each?
- Dissemination / Communication (Radio, social media, television, health departments, scientific journals, etc.)
- Program change (Target vulnerable populations, modify program procedures)
Define syndromic surveillance.
Uses non-diagnostic health data (E.g. Google searches or ambulance records) to determine how many people are symptomatic of a disease.
Remember GPHIN from the TED video shown in class. They prevented a SARS epidemic.
What can syndromic surveillance help us catch?
Very useful in the detection of emerging diseases, disease outbreaks, or bioterrorist threats.
What is the Emerging Infections Program?
CDC catchment zones scattered across the U.S. monitoring antibiotic-resistant bacteria, foodborne outbreaks, influenza, and nosocomial infections.
What is the Active Bacterial Core?
An EIP program responsible for collecting data surrounding bacterial disease trends.
