S1 - Byzantine Terms to Know

Question 1

Eastern Roman Empire

Answer 1

• It’s capital is Constantinople
• Will become the Byzantine Empire
• Will last for another 1,000 years
• Unlike the Western Roman Empire - will officially collapse in 476 C.E. to Germanic invaders

Question 2

Geographical advantages of Constantinope

Answer 2

• Important stopping point along the Silk Road
• Walls for fortification
• Trade center
• Geographical advantage - the center of everything
• Water and food provided from inside walls

Question 3

Roman traditions carried on in the BE

Answer 3

• Senate was a carry over from Roman Senate
• Byzantine Army was a carryover from Roman Legions
• Greco- Roman culture remained strong
• Christianity was the foundation of the Empire
• Justinian’s law code

Question 4

Constantine

Answer 4

• converted to Chrisitianity
• Issued official act of tolerance of Christianity in 312 CE
• Built new capital in Constantinople
• Christianity was made official religion of the Roman Empire in 380 CE by Theodosius

Question 5

Justinian’s Code of Law

Answer 5

• Justinian’s Code (Corpus Juris Civilis)
• Organization of old Roman law
• Foundation for law in later European nations

Question 6

Cultural advancements in BE

Answer 6

• Valued law & education
• Greek literature
• History was studied
• Secret History
• Invented Greek Fire
• Advanced medicine
• Justinian Plague - swept through empire in its early days

Question 7

Military advantages in the BE

Answer 7

• Strong military leaders and tactics
• Able to reconquer much of the Mediterranean
• Byzantine Empire conquers its former territory

Question 8

Christianity

Answer 8

official religion in the B.E.

Question 9

Bishops

Answer 9

• lower status than a pope
• bishops ruled small regions called Dioceses
  
  • Centered by a cathedral

Question 10

Pope - Roman Catholic Church

Answer 10

• Was more powerful than the patriarch in the East (govt.)
• 12 power vacuum in the west
• Took on secular responsibilities
  
  • crowned kings

Question 11

Patriarch - Eastern Orthodox Church

Answer 11

• Was beholden to the emperor
• the church was viewed as a branch of the state

Question 12

Bishop Ambrose

Answer 12

Saint Ambrose, bishop of Milan, biblical critic, and initiator of ideas that provided a model for medieval conceptions of church-state relations.

Question 13

The Great Schism - what and why

Answer 13

The Iconoclastic Controversy:
* A disagreement about icons
* The Pope disagreed with the removal of icons and excommunicated the patriarch ( vice versa)
* The patriarch completely removed icons for churches
* resulted in resistance and rebellion
* Eventually restored icons; but schism an emerge between Eastern and Western churches
* The Great Schism split the main faction of Christianity into two divisions, Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox.

Question 14

Roman Catholic Church

Answer 14

Western Europe
* Urged other churches to listen to pope, as Rome was sacred to Christianity
* Led to formation of Roman catholic church
Popes had secular authority (treaties, etc.) and expanded the powers of the church

Question 15

Eastern Orthodox Church

Answer 15

Byzantine Empire (Eastern Europe)
* Emperor had jurisdiction over the church
Patriarch - Head of church in Constantinople
* Religion was a branch of the state
* DIdn’t accept Roman church, and became Orthodox Church/Byzantine Christian Church

Question 16

Major differences in the churches

Answer 16

• The Patriarch did not have as much power as the pope; already had a strong enough central authority, unlike in the west
• Pope didn’t want icons to be removed, Patriarch did want them to be removed (felt that they should be focusing on Chrisitian beliefs and God, not icons).

Question 17

Hagia Sophia

Answer 17

a mosque and a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey
* was originally a church
* blend of cultures - Islamic and Chrisitian art

Question 18

Barbarians - original def, location, lifestyle

Answer 18

• a Greek word used to describe foreigners
• In 476 CE, the Western Roman Emperor Romulus was overthrown by a Germanic leader named Odoacer. The Roman Empire ceased to exist. Roman and Greek culture would be preserved and enhanced in the East through the success of the Byzantine Empire.
• The sacking of Rome 476 CE