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SMUPASPG19-PHARM 1 > RX > Flashcards

RX Flashcards

1
Q

DRUG NAMES

A

GENERIC-small first letter (unless first word in a sentence), Trade name always Capital first letter.
Formed by stem- beginning, middle or end of the name. tells us what the drug is used for.
Trade-marketing, paying for company to make more money, sometime generic and trade made by same company, Ins want pay. HCP RX generic
Older (< 1970’s) no stem

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2
Q

cillin

olol

triptan

pam

A

1- penicillin, amoxicillin
2- beta blocker, propranolol
3- migraine, sumatriptan
4- Antianxiety, lorazepam, diazepam

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3
Q

Logos

Pharmacotherapeutics

Patent drug

Pharmacology

Materia

A

mind

drugs to treat dz

drugs sold before FDA reg.

study of substances that interact w/ living systems by binding to molecules and active, or inhibiting normal body
Drug receptor binding**

prep and use of drugs

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4
Q

Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacopeia
Pharmacogenomics

A

what body does to the drug.

what drug does to the body.

official formulas of drugs. First US Pharmacopeia published in mid 1800’s.

effect of genetics on drug actions.

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5
Q

Iatrogenic

Idiosyncratic

Xenobiotics:

A

from Latin word iatros, physician. A disease caused by a physician or caregiver.

individual reaction to a drug or treatment.

molecules not synthesized within the body (foreign, from xenophobia)

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6
Q

.

Toxicology

A

Any substance can be harmful if taken at the wrong dose

a poison derived from plant or animal

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7
Q

Parenteral

A

im intramuscular
iv intravenous
sc subcutaneous

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8
Q

Enteral

A

po per os (by mouth)
sublingual (under the tongue)
rectal suppository

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9
Q

Drug MW

A

Most 100 to 1000 po os, paraenteral, enteral
Proteins~ 10 000 too large to cross gut (too large or will be denatured in) membranes and must be injected, ex insulin. parenteral

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10
Q

Rational drug design

Prodrug

Agonist:

Antagonist

A

use of organic molecular synthesis to create drug molecules tailored to fit a known biological receptor.

inactive molecule that is converted to an active

binds to receptor and brings about a biological action.

binds to receptor and blocks the binding of other substances (atropine blocks the binding of acetylcholine).

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11
Q

Drug distribution

endocytosis and exocytosis

A

controlled by many factors: aqueous diffusion, lipid diffusion, special carriers (multidrug-resistant transporters),

(to take in, B12-intrinsic factor)
(to release, neurotransmitter, botulinum toxin).

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12
Q

Free vs. Bound

A

drugs are bound to carrier proteins 10 to 90% bound
Only the free unbound drug is active.
Free drug is active, free drug is toxic.

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13
Q

Absorption vs. Distribution

A

movement from site of application (stomach as a pill, injection into a muscle, application as a cream etc. etc.)

the movement across the barriers into compartments

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14
Q

Permeation diffusion

A

Aqueous- movement thru hole/ pores in membraned, high to low gradient (down)

Lipid-more lipid soluble, faster (heroin vs. morphine, cortisol

Henderson Hasselbalch

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15
Q

Active Transport Pumps

A

cell walls contain specilized proteins/pumps to carry drug, MDR1

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16
Q

Fick’s law

A

down concentrain gradient
Mol/time= delta concentratinx Area/thickness/length

Ions/polar/charged drugs= water soluble
Other= lipid
higher fat, faster?

17
Q

Ion trapping

A

weak acid= liver make alkaline for urine to excrete water soluble vice versa

amphetamine- weak base becomes acidic urine
aspirin- weak acids makes urine basic
Drug becomes trapped in urine, not reabsorbed by kidney

18
Q

Drugs used to acidfy urine

A

NH4CL
Ascorbic Acid- Vitamin C
Acid phosphats K-phos

19
Q

Drugs to alkanlize

A

NaHCO3
acetazolamide
Sodium citrate, citric acid

20
Q

Ri receptor inactive’

Ra receptor active

A

Agonists shift Ra form (full agonist)

Partial agonist do not shift the pool. Most receptors in the Ri form. Intinsic efficacy.

Neutral antagonism: keeps the pool in the same Ra and Ri as in the absence of drug

Inverse agonist: drug has stronger affinity for Ri and produces an effect opposite of a full agonist.

21
Q

erythropoietin

A 
First orhpahn
6th largest selling
Dialysis
Injected-Entereal
Kidney release EPO when inc RBC w/ O2
Treating anemia d/t renal failure
\$\$$
22
Q

Preclinical Confounding factors

A 
animal studiess 
2-6yr duration
Rare events not often detected
<1/3 make to human trials
$3-500mil

Factors
Placebo
blind inclusion
random

23
Q

Clinical TrialsPhase I, II, III and IV

A

1 20-100, safe?, toxcity and dosing, healthy pts
2 100-200, work in Pt pop?
3 1000-6000, double blind, cross ovr
4 Postmarket surveillance, drug interations
Most omit ederly and <18yo

24
Q

Orphan Drug Act

A

provided incentives for the pharmaceutical companies to produce and market drugs for diseases with fewer than 200 000 patients.
Fee waived, 50% tax credits
Tourette, Wilson, Thrmobtic

25
Q

Drug Product Inserts

A

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SMUPASPG19-PHARM 1 (17 decks)

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