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RVT- Skeleton > RVT- The Spine > Flashcards

RVT- The Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nuchal ligament attach to?

A

C2 ( Axis) to T1 and T2

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2
Q

How many vertebrae make up the cervical region?

A

7

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3
Q

How many vertebrae make up the thoracic region?

A

13

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4
Q

What direction do the thoracic spinus processes lean?

A

They lean caudally except for # 11 that points directly up.

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5
Q

What is the name for thoracic vertebra T-11?

A

Anticlinal vertebra

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6
Q

Where do ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae?

A

At the costal fovea

Cranial costal fovea / Caudal costal fovea

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7
Q

What is special about the rib that attaches to T13?

A

It is the last thoracic vertebrae and has the floating rib

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8
Q

What is the name for where the rib and cartilage meet?

A

Costalchondral junction

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9
Q

Ribs can be divided into 2 sections. What are they?

A

Sternal T1-T9

Asternal T10-T12

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10
Q

What characteristics do the asternal ribs possess?

A

Costal arches attaching to the sternum

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11
Q

What 3 sections make up the sternum?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xyphoid process

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12
Q

What 2 parts make up the rib?

A

Osseus

Chondral

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13
Q

Why do ‘costalchondral’ junctions become painful?

A

Osteocytes vs chondrocytes. Osteocytes are invaders therefore will try and break down chondrocytes.

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14
Q

The head of the rib has 2 bumps, what are they?

A

Head and tubercle which attach at the vertebrae at the costal fovea.

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15
Q

There are 3 kinds of processes found in most vertebrae, what are they,

A

Spinous processes
Transverse processes
Caudal and cranial processes.

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16
Q

Where in the vertebrae is the spinal cord found?

A

Running through the vertebral foramen

17
Q

What is another name for sternum?

A

Breastbone

18
Q

Which sternebrae is the most caudal/cranial?

A

The manubrium is the most cranial, the xiphoid process is the most caudal

19
Q

How many vertebrae make up the lumbar spine?

A

7

20
Q

What unique feature to the transverse process of the lumbar spine posess

A

They all face cranially in a ‘boomerang’ shape

21
Q

What direction do the spinus process of the lumbar lean?

A

?

22
Q

Where in the vertebra does the disc sit?

A

The body

23
Q

What 3 conditions may occur in the disc?

A

Displace
Prolapse
Rupture

24
Q

What happens when a discs is damaged?

A

It can push into the vertebral foramen pushing onto the spinal cord causing paralysis. It can also push out into the intervertebral foramen pushing on the nerves.

25
Q

What is the spinal feature that the nerves of the spine run through?

A

Intervertebral foramen

26
Q

The sacral region of the spine is made up of how many bones?

A

3 vertebrae with fused spinus processes. ( Ruminants have 5)

27
Q

What is the joint that connects the sacrum to the ox coxae?

A

Fibrous joint called the sacroiliac joint

28
Q

What 4 bones make up the pelvis?

A

Ilium
Iseum
Acetabulum
Pubis

29
Q

What is the space between the sacrum and the ox coxae called?

A

The birth canal

30
Q

What is the largest bone of the ox coxae and the one that attaches to the sacrum?

A

Illium

31
Q

Where does the femur attach to the ox coxae?

A

Acetabular joint

32
Q

Inside the acetabulum are 2 features. What are they?

A 
Lunar surface which is a cresent shaped surface
Acetabula fossa ( sunken in....femur doesnt touch it)
33
Q

What is the ligament that attaches the femur to the acetabular joint?

A

“Ligament of the head of the femur” anchors the head of the femur into the acetabular fossa of the socket. Very thick and strong

34
Q

What tissue lines the lunate surface of the acetabulum that does not line the fossa?

A

Hyaline cartilage

35
Q

What is the ‘articular’ surface in the acetabulum?

A

Lunate surface

36
Q

The isteum is the cranial or caudal end of the ox coxae?

A

Isteum is the caudal end. illium is the cranial end.

37
Q

What is the name of the neck and head supporting ligament in large animals that runs the length of the neck?

A

Nuchal ligament

RVT- Skeleton (8 decks)

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