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History AS > Russian Revolution Stats > Flashcards

Russian Revolution Stats Flashcards

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1
Q

How big is russia?

A

123 million squares

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2
Q

What’s the population (1900s) ?

A

130 million

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3
Q

How long did tsar Nicholas II rule ?

A

1894-1917

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4
Q

How many Russians were ethnic Russians?

A

45%

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5
Q

How many people followed the orthodox faith ?

A

70%

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6
Q

How many Jews did russia have at the time?

A

5 million

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7
Q

What are pogroms?

A

Violent riot with the aim to massacring Jews

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8
Q

What percent of the people were peasants?

A

90%

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9
Q

When was emancipation introduced and what is it ?

A

1861 - abolished serfdom in russia ( serfdom is when a farmer is bound to land and the will of the landlord)

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10
Q

What was the Khodynka, and how many died/ injured ?

A

Coronation of NII, 1300 died, 1300 injured

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11
Q

What were the two battles japan vs russia

A

Battle of Mukden, 89 000 dead, attack on port Arthur, 29 000 dead

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12
Q

By how much % did wages decline in 1905?

A

20%

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13
Q

What day was Bloody Sunday and how many people were present?

A

9th January 1905, 150 000 people following father gapon to the winter palace

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14
Q

What happened during bloody sunday?

A

The crowd was dispersed by Cossacks, 200 killed 500 wounded

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15
Q

What were the other disturbances of 1905? (3)

A

Increase in strikes, 800 000 workers went on strike

Peasants tracked manors, 3000 manors burnt

Formation of soviets

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16
Q

What were the fundamental laws of 1906?

A

‘Supreme power belonged to the tsar’. The tsar could introduce laws without duma and could veto dumas laws

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17
Q

How many killed and arrested due to criticism of regime after the fundamental laws ?

A

15 000 killed, 70 000 arrested

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18
Q

What is Stolypin’s Necktie ?

A

Executions, 60 000 political detainees killed/exiled

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19
Q

When was stolypin killed?

A

September 1911 by a Bolshevik

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20
Q

How many strikes were there in 1908 vs 1914

A

892 strikes in 1908, 3534 strikes in 1914

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21
Q

What happened at battle of tanneburg august 1914

A

70 000 killed, 92 000 captured

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22
Q

What happened at the offensive against Germany june 1917?

A

60 000 lost troops

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23
Q

How many people were involved in the Bolshevik coup d’état ?

A

30 000 people, only 5% of workers/soldiers in Petrograd

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24
Q

How many seats did the bolsheviks win during the constituent assembly 1918?

A

24%, 175/715 seats

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25
Q

How many soldiers did the Whites have?

A

250 000

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26
Q

What is war communism

A

It is an economic policy introduced june 1918 to solve the issues caused by the civil war

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27
Q

What were the consequences of war communism?

A

Non-agricultural labour force fell from 3.6 million to 1.5 million 1917-20

1920-21, industrial production fell by 82% compared to 1913

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28
Q

How many soldiers attacked the Kronstadt Naval base in Feb 1921?

A

60 000 soldiers led by Trotsky + Cheka, fought 15 000 defenders

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29
Q

What is NEP

A

New Economic Policy, introduced by Lenin in march 1921

Grain production went from 37 million tonnes 1921 to 56 million tonnes 1923

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30
Q

From when to when did Alexander III rule?

A

1881-1894

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31
Q

Who was Alexander III

A

Nicholas II’s father

32
Q

When and who were the socialist revolutionaries

A

1901, radical and wanted equal wealth

33
Q

When and who were the social democrat Labour Party?

A

1898, believed in socialist ideologies of Karl Marx

34
Q

Causes of the 1905 revolution ( 5 factors)

A

Poor peasantry, high unemployment, banned trade unions, russification policy, defeat in the russo-Japanese war

35
Q

Who was witte and when did he work

A

Finance minister from 1892-1903

Prime minister as of 1905 October - may 1906

36
Q

What and when was the October manifesto?

A

Made by Nicholas II, advised by witte, in 1905, promised free speech, voting rights and an elected assembly called the Duma

37
Q

Who was stolypin and when did he serve?

A

Prime minister 1906-11

38
Q

What was Article 87 of The fundamental Laws

A

The article which allowed the tsar to make laws without the Duma’s agreement

39
Q

When was the first duma and how useful was it?

A

May to July 1906

Tsar often ignored it, and it had limited power

40
Q

When was the second duma and how useful was it?

A

Feb- june 1907

Duma was divided over reforms and government policies

Tsar dissolved it because he was scared of opposition

41
Q

When was the third duma and how useful was it?

A

Nov 1907- june 1912

It had more representation

Mostly right winged ( 287/443 seats)

42
Q

When and how useful was the fourth duma?

A

Nove 1912- aug 1914

Divided between socialists and Octoberists

43
Q

Who were the octoberists

A

Believed in the constitutional monarchy, wanted a strong parliament

44
Q

What were the Black hundreds?

A

Anti revolutionary gangs which terrorisée democracy supporters, from 1905- 1917

45
Q

What happened in Siberia 1912

A

The Lena massacre, 270 miners killed and 200 wounded by tsarist soldiers

46
Q

What was the okhrana ?

A

Protected the tsar, the royal family and the autocracy itself

47
Q

What date was the battle of tannenburg and how many killed?

A

August 1914, 70 000 killed

48
Q

When did the tsar go to the front, during world war 1

A

August 1915

49
Q

Who was Rasputin

A

A spiritual healer who managed to save Nicholas II’s son, particularly close to the tsar in a and people felt like she was being influenced by him

50
Q

When was the Petrograd strike

A

February 17th 1917

51
Q

Where was the tsar during the 1917 revolution ?

A

He was 600km away, at the front, he was out of touch with the news

52
Q

Who was Mikhail Rodzianko ?

A

Chairman of the state duma (third and fourth)

Conservative, pro monarchy

He warned Nicholas II about the revolution in 1917, however the tsar ignored him

53
Q

When did Nicholas II abdicate

A

2nd March 1917

54
Q

What happened to the duma after the1917 revolution

A

Turned into the provisional government

55
Q

What happened to the duma after the 1917 revolution

A

Turned into the provisional government

56
Q

Who was the first president of the provisional government

A

Prince Lvov, moderate reformer, laissez faire

57
Q

Who was the second prime minister of the provisional government

A

Alexander Kerensky, replaced Lvov in July 1917,
Belonged to the socialist revolutionaries

58
Q

What was the Petrograd soviet (1917 post revolution)

A

Worked with the provisional government on reforms, voting rights, capital punishment etc

59
Q

What was the term used to describe the combined rule of the provisional government and the Petrograd soviet

A

Dual authority

60
Q

What happened when Lenin first returned

A

Returned in April 1917, bolsheviks adopted the ideas of socialist revolutionaries

61
Q

Why did the provisional government fail (4)

A

Continued the war, + Lost an offensive against Germany

The July days

The kornilov affair

No reforms

62
Q

What offensive did the provisional government loose against Germany

A

June 1917, 60 000 troops lost

63
Q

What were the July days?

A

3-6th July 1917, sailors at Kronstadt ( naval base) established their own government,

It was poorly organized and the provisional government brought order soon

64
Q

What was ‘Pravda’

A

The Bolshevik newspaper which promoted their ideologies and spread propaganda

65
Q

What was the kornilov affair

A

Kornilov was commander in chief of the army and hated bolsheviks,

In august 1917, attempted to march on Petrograd

Kerensky accused kornilov of attempting to takeover and establish a military dictatorship

Kerensky lost favour because people thought he was responsible as well

66
Q

What was Lenin’s adaptation of Marxism called

A

Marxism Leninism

67
Q

What was ‘the April theses’

A

A programme developed by Lenin during 1917, calling for soviet control of state power, published April 1917, contributed to the July days and the October coup d’état

68
Q

Who was Trotsky

A

Organized the red guards

Responsible for negotiations with Germany

Led the red army after Bolshevik take over

69
Q

When did the October revolution of 1917 happen

A

25th-27th October, during ‘all Russian congress of Soviets’ assembly

70
Q

What was the main government body after the Bolshevik revolution called?

A

Council of people’s commissars

71
Q

What were the first three decrees after the Bolshevik revolution

A

‘Decree on land’ - transfer of land to the peasants
‘Decree on peace’ - aimed to withdraw from the war with Germany
‘Decree on workers control’ - recognized takeover of factories by workers’ committees

72
Q

What was the red terror

A

Opposition press banned, members of other parties arrested,

Cheka introduced to crush opposition

73
Q

when was the tsar family killed

A

July 1918

74
Q

When was the treaty of Brest litovsk and what did russia loose ( 4 things)

A

3rd march 1918

1 million square kilomètres
74% of coal mines
26% of the population
300 million gold rubles in reparation

75
Q

Who were the four leaders of the white army

A

Kornilov, later replaced by Denikin

Piotr Wrangel

Alexander Kolchak

Nikolai Yudenich

History AS (5 decks)

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