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Russian Revolution Stats Flashcards

1
Q

How big is russia?

A

123 million squares

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2
Q

What’s the population (1900s) ?

A

130 million

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3
Q

How long did tsar Nicholas II rule ?

A

1894-1917

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4
Q

How many Russians were ethnic Russians?

A

45%

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5
Q

How many people followed the orthodox faith ?

A

70%

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6
Q

How many Jews did russia have at the time?

A

5 million

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7
Q

What are pogroms?

A

Violent riot with the aim to massacring Jews

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8
Q

What percent of the people were peasants?

A

90%

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9
Q

When was emancipation introduced and what is it ?

A

1861 - abolished serfdom in russia ( serfdom is when a farmer is bound to land and the will of the landlord)

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10
Q

What was the Khodynka, and how many died/ injured ?

A

Coronation of NII, 1300 died, 1300 injured

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11
Q

What were the two battles japan vs russia

A

Battle of Mukden, 89 000 dead, attack on port Arthur, 29 000 dead

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12
Q

By how much % did wages decline in 1905?

A

20%

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13
Q

What day was Bloody Sunday and how many people were present?

A

9th January 1905, 150 000 people following father gapon to the winter palace

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14
Q

What happened during bloody sunday?

A

The crowd was dispersed by Cossacks, 200 killed 500 wounded

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15
Q

What were the other disturbances of 1905? (3)

A

Increase in strikes, 800 000 workers went on strike

Peasants tracked manors, 3000 manors burnt

Formation of soviets

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16
Q

What were the fundamental laws of 1906?

A

‘Supreme power belonged to the tsar’. The tsar could introduce laws without duma and could veto dumas laws

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17
Q

How many killed and arrested due to criticism of regime after the fundamental laws ?

A

15 000 killed, 70 000 arrested

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18
Q

What is Stolypin’s Necktie ?

A

Executions, 60 000 political detainees killed/exiled

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19
Q

When was stolypin killed?

A

September 1911 by a Bolshevik

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20
Q

How many strikes were there in 1908 vs 1914

A

892 strikes in 1908, 3534 strikes in 1914

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21
Q

What happened at battle of tanneburg august 1914

A

70 000 killed, 92 000 captured

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22
Q

What happened at the offensive against Germany june 1917?

A

60 000 lost troops

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23
Q

How many people were involved in the Bolshevik coup d’état ?

A

30 000 people, only 5% of workers/soldiers in Petrograd

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24
Q

How many seats did the bolsheviks win during the constituent assembly 1918?

A

24%, 175/715 seats

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25
How many soldiers did the Whites have?
250 000
26
What is war communism
It is an economic policy introduced june 1918 to solve the issues caused by the civil war
27
What were the consequences of war communism?
Non-agricultural labour force fell from 3.6 million to 1.5 million 1917-20 1920-21, industrial production fell by 82% compared to 1913
28
How many soldiers attacked the Kronstadt Naval base in Feb 1921?
60 000 soldiers led by Trotsky + Cheka, fought 15 000 defenders
29
What is NEP
New Economic Policy, introduced by Lenin in march 1921 Grain production went from 37 million tonnes 1921 to 56 million tonnes 1923
30
From when to when did Alexander III rule?
1881-1894
31
Who was Alexander III
Nicholas II’s father
32
When and who were the socialist revolutionaries
1901, radical and wanted equal wealth
33
When and who were the social democrat Labour Party?
1898, believed in socialist ideologies of Karl Marx
34
Causes of the 1905 revolution ( 5 factors)
Poor peasantry, high unemployment, banned trade unions, russification policy, defeat in the russo-Japanese war
35
Who was witte and when did he work
Finance minister from 1892-1903 Prime minister as of 1905 October - may 1906
36
What and when was the October manifesto?
Made by Nicholas II, advised by witte, in 1905, promised free speech, voting rights and an elected assembly called the Duma
37
Who was stolypin and when did he serve?
Prime minister 1906-11
38
What was Article 87 of The fundamental Laws
The article which allowed the tsar to make laws without the Duma’s agreement
39
When was the first duma and how useful was it?
May to July 1906 Tsar often ignored it, and it had limited power
40
When was the second duma and how useful was it?
Feb- june 1907 Duma was divided over reforms and government policies Tsar dissolved it because he was scared of opposition
41
When was the third duma and how useful was it?
Nov 1907- june 1912 It had more representation Mostly right winged ( 287/443 seats)
42
When and how useful was the fourth duma?
Nove 1912- aug 1914 Divided between socialists and Octoberists
43
Who were the octoberists
Believed in the constitutional monarchy, wanted a strong parliament
44
What were the Black hundreds?
Anti revolutionary gangs which terrorisée democracy supporters, from 1905- 1917
45
What happened in Siberia 1912
The Lena massacre, 270 miners killed and 200 wounded by tsarist soldiers
46
What was the okhrana ?
Protected the tsar, the royal family and the autocracy itself
47
What date was the battle of tannenburg and how many killed?
August 1914, 70 000 killed
48
When did the tsar go to the front, during world war 1
August 1915
49
Who was Rasputin
A spiritual healer who managed to save Nicholas II’s son, particularly close to the tsar in a and people felt like she was being influenced by him
50
When was the Petrograd strike
February 17th 1917
51
Where was the tsar during the 1917 revolution ?
He was 600km away, at the front, he was out of touch with the news
52
Who was Mikhail Rodzianko ?
Chairman of the state duma (third and fourth) Conservative, pro monarchy He warned Nicholas II about the revolution in 1917, however the tsar ignored him
53
When did Nicholas II abdicate
2nd March 1917
54
What happened to the duma after the1917 revolution
Turned into the provisional government
55
What happened to the duma after the 1917 revolution
Turned into the provisional government
56
Who was the first president of the provisional government
Prince Lvov, moderate reformer, laissez faire
57
Who was the second prime minister of the provisional government
Alexander Kerensky, replaced Lvov in July 1917, Belonged to the socialist revolutionaries
58
What was the Petrograd soviet (1917 post revolution)
Worked with the provisional government on reforms, voting rights, capital punishment etc
59
What was the term used to describe the combined rule of the provisional government and the Petrograd soviet
Dual authority
60
What happened when Lenin first returned
Returned in April 1917, bolsheviks adopted the ideas of socialist revolutionaries
61
Why did the provisional government fail (4)
Continued the war, + Lost an offensive against Germany The July days The kornilov affair No reforms
62
What offensive did the provisional government loose against Germany
June 1917, 60 000 troops lost
63
What were the July days?
3-6th July 1917, sailors at Kronstadt ( naval base) established their own government, It was poorly organized and the provisional government brought order soon
64
What was ‘Pravda’
The Bolshevik newspaper which promoted their ideologies and spread propaganda
65
What was the kornilov affair
Kornilov was commander in chief of the army and hated bolsheviks, In august 1917, attempted to march on Petrograd Kerensky accused kornilov of attempting to takeover and establish a military dictatorship Kerensky lost favour because people thought he was responsible as well
66
What was Lenin’s adaptation of Marxism called
Marxism Leninism
67
What was ‘the April theses’
A programme developed by Lenin during 1917, calling for soviet control of state power, published April 1917, contributed to the July days and the October coup d’état
68
Who was Trotsky
Organized the red guards Responsible for negotiations with Germany Led the red army after Bolshevik take over
69
When did the October revolution of 1917 happen
25th-27th October, during ‘all Russian congress of Soviets’ assembly
70
What was the main government body after the Bolshevik revolution called?
Council of people’s commissars
71
What were the first three decrees after the Bolshevik revolution
‘Decree on land’ - transfer of land to the peasants ‘Decree on peace’ - aimed to withdraw from the war with Germany ‘Decree on workers control’ - recognized takeover of factories by workers’ committees
72
What was the red terror
Opposition press banned, members of other parties arrested, Cheka introduced to crush opposition
73
when was the tsar family killed
July 1918
74
When was the treaty of Brest litovsk and what did russia loose ( 4 things)
3rd march 1918 1 million square kilomètres 74% of coal mines 26% of the population 300 million gold rubles in reparation
75
Who were the four leaders of the white army
Kornilov, later replaced by Denikin Piotr Wrangel Alexander Kolchak Nikolai Yudenich

History AS (5 decks)

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