Russian Revolution Stats Flashcards
How big is russia?
123 million squares
What’s the population (1900s) ?
130 million
How long did tsar Nicholas II rule ?
1894-1917
How many Russians were ethnic Russians?
45%
How many people followed the orthodox faith ?
70%
How many Jews did russia have at the time?
5 million
What are pogroms?
Violent riot with the aim to massacring Jews
What percent of the people were peasants?
90%
When was emancipation introduced and what is it ?
1861 - abolished serfdom in russia ( serfdom is when a farmer is bound to land and the will of the landlord)
What was the Khodynka, and how many died/ injured ?
Coronation of NII, 1300 died, 1300 injured
What were the two battles japan vs russia
Battle of Mukden, 89 000 dead, attack on port Arthur, 29 000 dead
By how much % did wages decline in 1905?
20%
What day was Bloody Sunday and how many people were present?
9th January 1905, 150 000 people following father gapon to the winter palace
What happened during bloody sunday?
The crowd was dispersed by Cossacks, 200 killed 500 wounded
What were the other disturbances of 1905? (3)
Increase in strikes, 800 000 workers went on strike
Peasants tracked manors, 3000 manors burnt
Formation of soviets
What were the fundamental laws of 1906?
‘Supreme power belonged to the tsar’. The tsar could introduce laws without duma and could veto dumas laws
How many killed and arrested due to criticism of regime after the fundamental laws ?
15 000 killed, 70 000 arrested
What is Stolypin’s Necktie ?
Executions, 60 000 political detainees killed/exiled
When was stolypin killed?
September 1911 by a Bolshevik
How many strikes were there in 1908 vs 1914
892 strikes in 1908, 3534 strikes in 1914
What happened at battle of tanneburg august 1914
70 000 killed, 92 000 captured
What happened at the offensive against Germany june 1917?
60 000 lost troops
How many people were involved in the Bolshevik coup d’état ?
30 000 people, only 5% of workers/soldiers in Petrograd
How many seats did the bolsheviks win during the constituent assembly 1918?
24%, 175/715 seats
How many soldiers did the Whites have?
250 000
What is war communism
It is an economic policy introduced june 1918 to solve the issues caused by the civil war
What were the consequences of war communism?
Non-agricultural labour force fell from 3.6 million to 1.5 million 1917-20
1920-21, industrial production fell by 82% compared to 1913
How many soldiers attacked the Kronstadt Naval base in Feb 1921?
60 000 soldiers led by Trotsky + Cheka, fought 15 000 defenders
What is NEP
New Economic Policy, introduced by Lenin in march 1921
Grain production went from 37 million tonnes 1921 to 56 million tonnes 1923
From when to when did Alexander III rule?
1881-1894
Who was Alexander III
Nicholas II’s father
When and who were the socialist revolutionaries
1901, radical and wanted equal wealth
When and who were the social democrat Labour Party?
1898, believed in socialist ideologies of Karl Marx
Causes of the 1905 revolution ( 5 factors)
Poor peasantry, high unemployment, banned trade unions, russification policy, defeat in the russo-Japanese war
Who was witte and when did he work
Finance minister from 1892-1903
Prime minister as of 1905 October - may 1906
What and when was the October manifesto?
Made by Nicholas II, advised by witte, in 1905, promised free speech, voting rights and an elected assembly called the Duma
Who was stolypin and when did he serve?
Prime minister 1906-11
What was Article 87 of The fundamental Laws
The article which allowed the tsar to make laws without the Duma’s agreement
When was the first duma and how useful was it?
May to July 1906
Tsar often ignored it, and it had limited power
When was the second duma and how useful was it?
Feb- june 1907
Duma was divided over reforms and government policies
Tsar dissolved it because he was scared of opposition
When was the third duma and how useful was it?
Nov 1907- june 1912
It had more representation
Mostly right winged ( 287/443 seats)
When and how useful was the fourth duma?
Nove 1912- aug 1914
Divided between socialists and Octoberists
Who were the octoberists
Believed in the constitutional monarchy, wanted a strong parliament
What were the Black hundreds?
Anti revolutionary gangs which terrorisée democracy supporters, from 1905- 1917
What happened in Siberia 1912
The Lena massacre, 270 miners killed and 200 wounded by tsarist soldiers
What was the okhrana ?
Protected the tsar, the royal family and the autocracy itself
What date was the battle of tannenburg and how many killed?
August 1914, 70 000 killed
When did the tsar go to the front, during world war 1
August 1915
Who was Rasputin
A spiritual healer who managed to save Nicholas II’s son, particularly close to the tsar in a and people felt like she was being influenced by him
When was the Petrograd strike
February 17th 1917
Where was the tsar during the 1917 revolution ?
He was 600km away, at the front, he was out of touch with the news
Who was Mikhail Rodzianko ?
Chairman of the state duma (third and fourth)
Conservative, pro monarchy
He warned Nicholas II about the revolution in 1917, however the tsar ignored him
When did Nicholas II abdicate
2nd March 1917
What happened to the duma after the1917 revolution
Turned into the provisional government
What happened to the duma after the 1917 revolution
Turned into the provisional government
Who was the first president of the provisional government
Prince Lvov, moderate reformer, laissez faire
Who was the second prime minister of the provisional government
Alexander Kerensky, replaced Lvov in July 1917,
Belonged to the socialist revolutionaries
What was the Petrograd soviet (1917 post revolution)
Worked with the provisional government on reforms, voting rights, capital punishment etc
What was the term used to describe the combined rule of the provisional government and the Petrograd soviet
Dual authority
What happened when Lenin first returned
Returned in April 1917, bolsheviks adopted the ideas of socialist revolutionaries
Why did the provisional government fail (4)
Continued the war, + Lost an offensive against Germany
The July days
The kornilov affair
No reforms
What offensive did the provisional government loose against Germany
June 1917, 60 000 troops lost
What were the July days?
3-6th July 1917, sailors at Kronstadt ( naval base) established their own government,
It was poorly organized and the provisional government brought order soon
What was ‘Pravda’
The Bolshevik newspaper which promoted their ideologies and spread propaganda
What was the kornilov affair
Kornilov was commander in chief of the army and hated bolsheviks,
In august 1917, attempted to march on Petrograd
Kerensky accused kornilov of attempting to takeover and establish a military dictatorship
Kerensky lost favour because people thought he was responsible as well
What was Lenin’s adaptation of Marxism called
Marxism Leninism
What was ‘the April theses’
A programme developed by Lenin during 1917, calling for soviet control of state power, published April 1917, contributed to the July days and the October coup d’état
Who was Trotsky
Organized the red guards
Responsible for negotiations with Germany
Led the red army after Bolshevik take over
When did the October revolution of 1917 happen
25th-27th October, during ‘all Russian congress of Soviets’ assembly
What was the main government body after the Bolshevik revolution called?
Council of people’s commissars
What were the first three decrees after the Bolshevik revolution
‘Decree on land’ - transfer of land to the peasants
‘Decree on peace’ - aimed to withdraw from the war with Germany
‘Decree on workers control’ - recognized takeover of factories by workers’ committees
What was the red terror
Opposition press banned, members of other parties arrested,
Cheka introduced to crush opposition
when was the tsar family killed
July 1918
When was the treaty of Brest litovsk and what did russia loose ( 4 things)
3rd march 1918
1 million square kilomètres
74% of coal mines
26% of the population
300 million gold rubles in reparation
Who were the four leaders of the white army
Kornilov, later replaced by Denikin
Piotr Wrangel
Alexander Kolchak
Nikolai Yudenich
