RUSSIA- Fall of the USSR 1985-91- GORBACHEV AND YELTSIN Flashcards
Which type of historians approach the concept of causation in history through the actions of individuals?
Intentionalist historians
When did Gorbachev receive the Nobel Peace Prize?
1990
What were Gorbachev’s failings?
Lack of vision; naivety; powerbase; expectations; foreign policy; insensitive handling of national minorities; inconsistency; indecision
Why were Gorbachev’s measures to reduce the power and role of the Communist Party problematic?
Attacking the base of his own power without ensuring an adequate replacement
How did Gorbachev make the ethnic clashes in Nagorno-Karabakh worse?
Declared a state of emergency and imposed direct control from Moscow in November 1988
What is an example of Gorbachev’s inconsistency?
His speech in November 1987- praised Stalin’s leadership while condemning his ‘real crime’
What is an example of Gorbachev’s indecision?
Hesitated for several days before releasing information about Chernobyl
When was the Chernobyl nuclear accident?
1986
Which historian believes that Gorbachev’s fault was attempting economic reform, democratisation and decolonisation simultaneously?
Ronald Suny
Which considerable challenge did Gorbachev succeed in for most of his time as General Secretary?
Dealing with divisions between reformers and conservatives
What sort of image did Yeltsin present?
A politician in touch with the wishes of the people
Why was Yeltsin in a strong position to undermine Gorbachev’s leadership?
Reputation as a reformer; base of popular support
When was Yeltsin removed from the Politburo?
February 1988
How did Yeltsin use his time after being removed from the Politburo?
Established firmer links with other reformers and critics of Gorbachev
How many people gathered in Moscow to support Yeltsin in March 1991?
200,000
When did Yeltsin attack Gorbachev publicly?
Central Committee Plenum of October 1987
How did Yeltsin take advantage of Gorbachev’s decision to hold elections for the Congress of People’s Deputies in 1989?
Used his position as mayor of Moscow to organise demonstrations in his support; secured 89% of the city’s vote
What did Yeltsin’s election to the People’s Congress give him?
Platform to attack Gorbachev and the Soviet government
What did Yeltsin use to specifically attack the central Soviet government?
His election to the Congress of People’s Deputies for the RSFSR in 1990