RUSSIA Fall of the USSR 1985-91- ECONOMICS Flashcards
When was Gorbachev elected General Secretary of the Communist Party?
1985
What did Gorbachev’s appointment seem to offer the communist regime?
A chance of revival and renewed strength
When was there an attempted coup by the conservatives in the Party?
August 1991
How did the attempted coup affect Gorbachev?
Seriously undermined his position as Soviet leader
When was the Soviet Union dissolved by the republics as a sovereign state?
December 1991
When did Gorbachev give a message about the fall of the USSR and leave the Kremlin for good?
25 December 1991
What had highlighted the weaknesses in the Soviet economy?
Novosibirsk Report of 1983
Who compiled the Novosibirsk Report?
Leading economic sociologist, Tatyana Zaslavskaya
Who was the Novosibirsk Report distributed to?
Politburo
How did the Politburo react to the Novosibirsk Report?
Most of its ageing members did not understand its conclusions or simply chose to ignore them
Who was the only person who realised that the Novosibirsk Report meant that reform was needed?
Gorbachev
What did the Novosibirsk Report state?
Drew attention to the growing crisis in agriculture caused by state inefficiency and inflexibility
What were Gorbachev’s initial cautious steps in economic reform?
Put like-minded reformers in key positions
Who did Gorbachev bring into the committee to help him carry out economic reform?
Yegor Ligachev; Nikolai Ryzhkov
Who did Gorbachev promote to the Central Committee in 1986 to help him carry out economic reform?
Boris Yeltsin; Alexander Yakovlev
How did Gorbachev’s initial approach to economic reform echo that of his mentor, Andropov?
Launched a campaign to attack problem of rampant alcoholism
Why did Gorbachev try to tackle the problem of alcoholism straight away?
To improve health and productivity of the population
How did Gorbachev try to curb drinking?
Raised drinking age to 21; reduced number of retail outlets where alcohol could be bought; destroyed vineyards; closed distilleries
How was the price of vodka affected by Gorbachev’s reforms?
Tripled
Why did Gorbachev’s attempts to enforce prohibition backfire?
Tax revenues that the government gained from alcohol fell markedly and caused a serious shortfall in the budget; drinking levels rose again as illegal moonshine was produced in large quantities
What was the focus of the investment of the 12FYP intended to be?
Science and research, especially in engineering
What were the key weaknesses of the 12FYP?
Heavy investment in construction projects; old equipment; agricultural sector was swallowing vast sums of investment with little success; focus remained on quantity over quality