Russia

Question 1

Czar

Answer 1

A Russian emperor, Russian version of “ceaser” (Christian emperor)

Question 2

Boyar

Answer 2

Russia’s landowning nobility, took advantage of serfdom’s free labor, high class

Question 3

Window to the west— peter the great travels

Answer 3

Hires German technicians to build up military, goes into Novgorod and secures warm water port, fights sweds on the Baltic, creates St. Petersburg new capital in his name and winter palace

Question 4

Peter the great reforms

Answer 4

All men had to shave beards even with religious importantes, promoted education, free marriage for women, established naval academy, czar can choose his successor
Doesn’t change 75% of Russian lives

Question 5

Serfdom abolished

Answer 5

1861 abolished by Tsar Alexander II, but serfdom had been good b/c
1. Government kept peasants under control with low efforts
2. Boyars benefited from free labor
3. Classes were well divided
Russia becomes weak and is taken over by the Soviet Union

Question 6

Zemsky Sobor

Answer 6

National Assembly made of boyars who chose next Czar— mikel Romanov 1613-1917

Question 7

The Romanovs

Answer 7

High ranking aristocrats in Russia during 16-17th centuries, started with Mikhail who started a political upheaval lasted ~15 years

Question 8

Oprichina

Answer 8

Policy used to reduce boyar power, included public executions and land confiscation made by Ivan the terrible

Question 9

Socialism

Answer 9

Government owns many of larger industries, provides edu, health services, while allowing citizens some economic choices.
Adv: balance b/t wealth and earnings, equal access to healthcare and edu
D: people unmotivated to develop, too much govt. control, bureaucracy hampers delivery of service

Question 10

Feudalism

Answer 10

Economic ideology promoting separation of power.
Adv: stability of infrastructure with goods and services
D: divided rich and poor, no independence

Question 11

Communism

Answer 11

Political and economic theory from ideas of Karl Marx govt owns all, people receive the same
Adv: embodies equality, no business monopoly, healthcare edu employment accesible
D: hampers personal growth, govt. dictatorship, no financial freedom

Question 12

Fascism

Answer 12

Strong centralized government with a stringent social and economic control. Often led by charismatic dictator and characterized by fervent patriotism.
Adv: prioritizes welfare of country, promotes socioeconomic equality, improves peace and order
D: paves way to abusive power, no freedom of speech, abuses certain groups of ppl

Question 13

Dictatorship

Answer 13

Rule by a single leader not elected and use force for control
Adv: power centralized in one person, complete control of police and military
D: abusive, leads to riots and wars

Question 14

Tsardom of Moscow

Answer 14

Activities of the Vikings, the Magyars, mongols, and the turk

Question 15

850 AD

Answer 15

Russia is settled by Scandinavians— people from Norway, Sweden, Finland— main city and novgorod
Called Varangians of of Varangian sea (Baltic Sea)
Major leaders: RURIK, Oleg, Vladimir II
Called the rus
Varangian’s landed in Eastern Europe led by rurik, in 862 they went to Novgorod on Volkov River
RURIK creates the Rurykid dynasty

Question 16

The primary chronicle

Answer 16

Text written in 12th century that relates a detailed history of RURIK rise to power

Question 17

Varangians + rurik dynasty

Answer 17

Varangian’s: Vikings, established trade routes throughout Eurasia and eventually established a.. RURIK dynasty: founders of Kieran rus who stayed in power til 1598 and established first incarnation of a unified russia

Question 18

Kievan Rus

Answer 18

RURIK is succeeded by Oleg— Oleg gains control of Kiev, along the Dnieper. Marked the first establishment of a unified, dynastic state inn the region, known as the capital, Kievan Rus.

Question 19

Vladimir I

Answer 19

Grandson of Oleg
Extended kingdom to Black Sea and Caucasus
Invited three religions and decided upon greek orthodoxism and allies w Constantinople

Question 20

Yaroslav the wise

Answer 20

Succeeded Vladimir, marked high watermark of Kievan Rus. Philosopher- codified laws, alliances, encouraged the arts
When he died, divided heir b/t five sons and led to invasion of mongols

Question 21

The mongols arrive

Answer 21

Kievan Rus struggle into 13th century, destroyed by invaders
1237- Bantu khan, grandson of Genghus khan, launched invasion of modern day Kazan
Ta Tars (mongols) destroyed all cities but Novgorod and Pskov
Regional princes not disposes but forced to send tribute, called “slave in chiefs”
Becomes known as empire of Golden Horde
“Under the Ta tar yoke”

Question 22

Early Mongols

Answer 22

Small nomadic tribes who lived in tents called ‘yurts’
Herders of sheep, horses and camels in Central Asia
Aggressive towards enemies
Loosely organized into tribes and clans

Question 23

Rise of Genghis khan

Answer 23

Born as Temujin around 1162
Father was a clan chief
He becomes clan leader and defeats all rivals to unify mongols
Takes on title of Genghis meaning universal leader

Question 24

Mongol war strategy and tactics

Answer 24

Bows, arrows, swords, and canons
Skilled on horseback
Faked a retreat as a trap
Genghis khan created group of 10000 loyal to him
Military positions based on merit not family
Showed no mercy but lety all join

Question 25

Mongol conquests

Answer 25

Attacked china 1215 and burned 90 cities to ground
Sacked and burned 2 great Silk Road cities in Central Asia
Resist= destroyed, submit= part of empire

Question 26

Expansion of mongol empire

Answer 26

Became known as ‘golden horde’ b/c of color of their tents
1279 Genghis grandson Kublai Khan conquered china, Tibet, and Vietnam
Founded Yuan dynasty

Question 27

Pax Mongolia

Answer 27

100 years of peace after conquests
Policed roads and Silk Road trade increased
Harsh punishments deterred crime
Unified parts of china, india, central’s Asia, Muslims Middle East, and Russia

Question 28

Mongol economic and social reforms

Answer 28

Created written mongol language
Relocated artisans to Asia forcibly
Religious toleration— Buddhism, Islam, and Taoism
Mongol mail system

Question 29

Decline of mongol empire

Answer 29

Empire divided into Khanates
New leaders not as strong as Genghis/Kublai khan
Russia and china grows angry against mongols
Empire too large and diverse too manage

Question 30

Mongol legacies

Answer 30

Yuan Dynasty, Kublai khan
Gunpowder and cannons invente din china and used by mangoes
Blakc death originates in china and killed 1/3 of Europe population