Rush EOC Flashcards

Question

Federalism

Answer 1

Power is divided between a Federal Government and smaller State Governments. The Federal Government is powerful, but not so powerful as to abuse states or individuals.

Answer 2

Federal Courts have the right to review laws of the Federal Government, and can throw out any law or act they find is unconstitutional.

Answer 3

1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th Am – Free Speech, Press, Religion, Assembly, Petition Am – Right to Bear Arms (Guns) Am – No quartering of soldiers in private homes Am – No unreasonable searches Am – Rights of the Accused Am – Right to Jury Trial in Criminal Cases Am – Trial by jury in Civil Actions Am – No Cruel or Unusual Punishments Am – Rights Kept by the People 10 th Am – Rights reserved to the states

Answer 4

a. Egalitarianism (Equality) society of equals. b. Populism (Popular Sovereignty) participation of the common people n political life. c. Liberty protection against tyrannical (oppressive) government. d. Individualism free to flourish, able to organize individually. e. Laissez Faire government “hands off”, government not heavily involved.

Answer 5

1. Magna Carta (1215) 2. English Bill of Rights (1689) 3. Declaration of Independence (1776) 4. The Federalist Papers (17871788) What are they?

Answer 6

All economic systems answer the following 3 questions – WHAT should be produced? HOW should it be produced? WHO should it go to? In the free enterprise system, people are free to produce what they can and to buy what they can afford, the interaction of decisions in the market by producers and consumers determines what is produced

Answer 7

Growing crops and raising animals for sale in the market to make a profit

Answer 8

Production of goods and products in factories by machines, occurred in the late 19 th century, led to more goods being produced at lower prices, new sources of energy replaced human and animal power, factories and machines replaced the production of goods by hand (cottage industry), farmers left the countryside to work in cities, while population growth increased

Answer 9

Products usually made in a factory by a machine to sell in a market, production of manufactured goods in a market economic system

Answer 10

Large companies that control major portions of the economy, owners of big businesses became politically powerful because of their wealth from profits

Answer 11

Increase of the number of people in an area (state, region, country) as result of increases in food/resources, migration, immigration

Answer 12

Process of people moving to a new place to stay permanently or for a long time

Answer 13

Movement of people out of one country and into another. Note: people EMI grate out of one country and IMMI grate into another.

Answer 14

Any group of persons identified by race, ethnicity, religion, etc., and numbering less than 50 percent of total population.

Answer 15

Major move from countryside to cities in late 19 th century, caused growth of cities and four major problems as a result – inadequate public services, overcrowding, social tensions, and corruption

Answer 16

The growth of the economy of nation as measured by its gross domestic product (GDP) and at the personal level by per capita GDP

Answer 17

Level of development in a country, measured by factors like the amount of personal income, levels of education, food consumption, life expectancy, availability of health care, ways natural resources are used, level of technology

Answer 18

Technological improvements based on science such as the telephone, radio, airplanes, television, medicine vaccinations, etc.

Answer 19

New ways of doing things which are based on a technology, major changes that improve how people live, examples – fire, agriculture, writing, electricity, industry, telephones, airplanes, computers, A/C

Answer 20

Helped westward expansion of the US by carrying large amounts of goods, cattle, and people, main means of transportation in US from 1840s to 1940s, and railroads also became powerful politically.

Answer 21

Workers who band together to demand better working conditions, shorter hours, and higher pay, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING allows all in the union to benefit equally.

Answer 22

Children under 14 years were exploited (taken advantage of) as workers, children were often forced to do dangerous jobs or work long hours for low pay

Answer 23

a. Starts in the northeast in the 19 th of capital and labor b. The completion of the Erie Canal and the transcontinental railroads contributed to industrial growth by making the movement of goods easier and cheaper. c. After the Civil War, the Federal Government provided land and money to build railroads. d. Availability of water to power machines. e. Mechanization of agriculture – led to an increase in production f. New Developments : Bessemer Process a better way of making steel . Made it possible to build skyscrapers and better bridges. Cities grow. Expansion of electricity and telephone

Answer 24

a. Smaller industries had difficulty maintaining their competitiveness. b. Many business practices were developed to eliminate competition . Ex: monopolies, trusts, pools. c. Growth of big business resulted in the widening of the economic gap between rich and poor . d. Immigration to the US increased , because more jobs were made available as industry was growing. e. Urban middle class increased.

Answer 25

tax on foreign goods in order to raise revenue and protect domestic manufacturing (tax that makes foreign goods more expensive so people by American goods instead). Leaders of big business gave support to the passage of tariffs because it increased their profits.

Answer 26

. Became an important form of business organization in the US after the Civil War. b. Has advantage because corporations could generate large amounts of capital (money and materials needed to run a business) with limited liability (risk/responsibility) for investors. c. Major goal was to consolidate (unite into one) the manufacture and distribution of products. d. Used mechanization and the division of labor which made it difficult for smaller industries to be competitive. 5 e. Increased efficiency in production methods.

Answer 27

theory which believed that the growth of large business at the expense of others was merely survival of the fittest (the stronger businesses will succeed and the weaker one will fail). a. Used to justify the formation of business monopolies b. Used to explain the differences in income between the rich and poor c. Believed that economic success comes to those who are the hardest working and most competent

Answer 28

economic policy which argues that government should limit any interference in the economy (the government should leave the economy alone). a. Free Enterprise System : investments and profits are controlled by individuals b. Prices of products are determined by the interaction of supply and demand/marketplace c. Claimed that government regulation of business would be harmful to economic growth d. Influenced the growth of the US economy during the late 19 th century, which led to economic domination b business trusts . Ex: Standard Oil Trust was intended to control prices and practices in oil refining

Answer 29

a company that controls or dominates an industry in order to eliminate competition and control prices

Answer 30

created by individuals during the late 1800s to increase profits by minimizing competition

Answer 31

: Federal Government followed laissezfaire economic policy. Trusts and monopolies were created by entrepreneurs to maintain control of the market.

Answer 32

term used during the Gilded Age to characterize leaders of big business who used ruthless tactics when dealing with competitors. Ex: John D. Rockefeller, JP Morgan, Cornelius Vanderbilt

Answer 33

business leaders served their nation in a positive way.

Answer 34

a person who donates or gives to charitable causes or institutions. Ex: Andrew Carnegie built libraries and endowed universities.

Answer 35

Steel production replaced iron; the Bessemer steel process made steel a more economical and efficient material, thus creating the ability to build skyscrapers and bridges. Electric power was introduced allowing for longer work hours because workers now had the ability to see at night. Rail Roads connected the east to the west and provided for faster transportation.

Answer 36

Mark Twain labeled the late 1800s the Gilded Age to describe the extremes of wealth and poverty (big differences between the rich and the poor).

Answer 37

rural (countryside) residents move to urban (inner city) areas in search of jobs. Size of cities increase.

Answer 38

limited the amount of Chinese immigrants entering the US an example of nativism

Answer 39

any citizen could occupy 160 acres of government land . The settlers “improved” the land by making a home and growing crops, after five years the homesteader would own the property.

Answer 40

Gold found in Yukon, near Alaska in 1896; other discoveries.

Answer 41

Federal troops defeated Sioux and other tribes on the Great Plains and Southwest, forcing them onto reservations .

Answer 42

Sought to “Americanize” Native Americans . Abolished Native American tribes, and allotted tribal lands to individuals, who sold them.

Answer 43

Granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans bon in the United States.