Rural-urban Migration

Question 1

What is rural urban migration

Answer 1

Movement of people from rural areas to urban areas (low to high population density)

Question 2

What does rural-urban migration cause

Answer 2

Urbanisation

Question 3

What is urbanisation

Answer 3

Growth of the proportion of people living in urban areas

Question 4

How much of the worlds population live in urban areas

Answer 4

Over 50%
3.4 billion
Increasing still

Question 5

Where do most of the population live in developed countries and give an example

Answer 5

Urban areas

Eg more than 80% of the UK’s population live in urban areas

Question 6

Why does most of the UK’s (developed country’s) population live in urban areas

Answer 6

Most rural-urban migration in developed countries have already happened
In the UK, it happened in the late 18th/early 19th century -during the industrial revolution (THINK HISTORICAL)

Question 7

Where do most of the population live in developing countries and give an example

Answer 7

Rural areas

Only 25% of Bangladesh’s population live in urban areas

Question 8

Where is most rural-urban migration happening today and what is it causing

Answer 8

In developing countries

Causing rapid urbanisation

Question 9

What are the two factors that trigger migration to urban areas in developing countries

Answer 9

Foreign investment from TNC’s

Increased access to technologies and transport links

Question 10

Explain how foreign investment from TNC’s triggers migration to urban areas in developing countries

Answer 10

It is concentrated in urban areas due to the high population density, so there is access to large workforce, meaning there are new job opportunities created in urban areas

Question 11

Explain how increased access to technologies and transport links triggers migration to urban areas in developing countries

Answer 11

Means people in rural areas learn more about the opportunities available in urban areas
TV and radio

Question 12

What are push factors for people leaving rural areas in developing countries

Answer 12

Inconsistent income and food supply -more farmers are subsistence farmers (crop failure=no income/risk of starvation)
Overpopulation in rural areas -too many people for the resources (not enough land for everyone to farm)
Low standard of living -little access to adequate health care and education, not everyone has access to electricity or clean water

Question 13

What are pull factors for people migrating to urban areas in developing countries

Answer 13

Job opportunities -more jobs available in urban areas
Higher wages -high and more stable wages
Higher standard of living -better access to health care and education, greater access to clean water supply and electricity

Question 14

What is growing due to rural-urban migration increasing and what does it create

Answer 14

Metropolitan areas

Creates more million cities and megacities

Question 15

What are million cities

Answer 15

Cities with a population of over 1 million people

Question 16

What are megacities

Answer 16

Metropolitan areas with a population of over 10million people

Question 17

Where are most million cities and megacities being created and why

Answer 17

In developing countries -Africa and Asia where the greatest rates are rural-urban migration is taking place

Question 18

How many rural Chinese people are now thought to live in cities, give an example

Answer 18

300million
1990-74% of the population lived in rural areas
2006-decreased to 56%

Question 19

Where are most people moving to in China

Answer 19

Towards the East coast where most of the cities in China are located eg Beijing and Shanghai

Question 20

What has been created in China, give example

Answer 20

Lots of million cities

Eg there are more than 90 cities with a population of over 1 million people in China today

Question 21

What factors have caused rural-urban migration in China

Answer 21

Foreign investment from TNC’s

Technologies and transport links

Question 22

Explain foreign investment from TNC’s in China

Answer 22

Companies have opened factories in China
Created jobs attracting people from rural areas
Eg ford has a large factory in Nanjing, NW of Shanghai

Question 23

Explain technologies and transport links in China

Answer 23

Spread knowledge to rural areas of opportunities in urban areas
China national nigh way 312 is a 4,800km road from major urban areas in east through rural central areas to the major cities in the far west

Question 24

What are the push factors making people leave rural areas in China

Answer 24

High unemployment -use of machinery has made agriculture more efficient, meaning fewer workers are needed in rural areas (eg 160million rural people were unemployed in2004)
Poverty -2004- 26.1million people in rural areas are in absolute poverty (too poor to afford food/clothing)
Lower standard of living -education and health care are funded by taxes collected within local areas, meaning poor rural areas do not have the money to improve their services

Question 25

What are the pull factors making people migrate to urban areas in China

Answer 25

High employment -large scale industrialisation since the 1970’s has focuses on urban areas, many manufacturing jobs have been created by TNC’s and Chinese companies
Higher wages -average income is 3 times higher in urban areas than rural areas
Higher standard of living -equality and availability of education and health care is better in urban areas as there is more money to pay for them (eg in 1998-there were 7doctors/1,000people in urban areas compared to 1doctor/1,000people in rural areas

Question 26

What type of migration is most population movement

Answer 26

Rural-urban