Rural-urban Migration Flashcards
What is rural urban migration
Movement of people from rural areas to urban areas (low to high population density)
What does rural-urban migration cause
Urbanisation
What is urbanisation
Growth of the proportion of people living in urban areas
How much of the worlds population live in urban areas
Over 50%
3.4 billion
Increasing still
Where do most of the population live in developed countries and give an example
Urban areas
Eg more than 80% of the UK’s population live in urban areas
Why does most of the UK’s (developed country’s) population live in urban areas
Most rural-urban migration in developed countries have already happened
In the UK, it happened in the late 18th/early 19th century -during the industrial revolution (THINK HISTORICAL)
Where do most of the population live in developing countries and give an example
Rural areas
Only 25% of Bangladesh’s population live in urban areas
Where is most rural-urban migration happening today and what is it causing
In developing countries
Causing rapid urbanisation
What are the two factors that trigger migration to urban areas in developing countries
Foreign investment from TNC’s
Increased access to technologies and transport links
Explain how foreign investment from TNC’s triggers migration to urban areas in developing countries
It is concentrated in urban areas due to the high population density, so there is access to large workforce, meaning there are new job opportunities created in urban areas
Explain how increased access to technologies and transport links triggers migration to urban areas in developing countries
Means people in rural areas learn more about the opportunities available in urban areas
TV and radio
What are push factors for people leaving rural areas in developing countries
Inconsistent income and food supply -more farmers are subsistence farmers (crop failure=no income/risk of starvation)
Overpopulation in rural areas -too many people for the resources (not enough land for everyone to farm)
Low standard of living -little access to adequate health care and education, not everyone has access to electricity or clean water
What are pull factors for people migrating to urban areas in developing countries
Job opportunities -more jobs available in urban areas
Higher wages -high and more stable wages
Higher standard of living -better access to health care and education, greater access to clean water supply and electricity
What is growing due to rural-urban migration increasing and what does it create
Metropolitan areas
Creates more million cities and megacities
What are million cities
Cities with a population of over 1 million people
What are megacities
Metropolitan areas with a population of over 10million people
Where are most million cities and megacities being created and why
In developing countries -Africa and Asia where the greatest rates are rural-urban migration is taking place
How many rural Chinese people are now thought to live in cities, give an example
300million
1990-74% of the population lived in rural areas
2006-decreased to 56%
Where are most people moving to in China
Towards the East coast where most of the cities in China are located eg Beijing and Shanghai
What has been created in China, give example
Lots of million cities
Eg there are more than 90 cities with a population of over 1 million people in China today
What factors have caused rural-urban migration in China
Foreign investment from TNC’s
Technologies and transport links
Explain foreign investment from TNC’s in China
Companies have opened factories in China
Created jobs attracting people from rural areas
Eg ford has a large factory in Nanjing, NW of Shanghai
Explain technologies and transport links in China
Spread knowledge to rural areas of opportunities in urban areas
China national nigh way 312 is a 4,800km road from major urban areas in east through rural central areas to the major cities in the far west
What are the push factors making people leave rural areas in China
High unemployment -use of machinery has made agriculture more efficient, meaning fewer workers are needed in rural areas (eg 160million rural people were unemployed in2004)
Poverty -2004- 26.1million people in rural areas are in absolute poverty (too poor to afford food/clothing)
Lower standard of living -education and health care are funded by taxes collected within local areas, meaning poor rural areas do not have the money to improve their services
What are the pull factors making people migrate to urban areas in China
High employment -large scale industrialisation since the 1970’s has focuses on urban areas, many manufacturing jobs have been created by TNC’s and Chinese companies
Higher wages -average income is 3 times higher in urban areas than rural areas
Higher standard of living -equality and availability of education and health care is better in urban areas as there is more money to pay for them (eg in 1998-there were 7doctors/1,000people in urban areas compared to 1doctor/1,000people in rural areas
What type of migration is most population movement
Rural-urban
