Rural- Urban Links Flashcards
Current Urban Challenges (Cardiff)
reducing poverty
reducing traffic congestion
Reason for Growth (Cardiff)
Population change- fertility rate has been rising since 2001
Migration- Good education, availability of jobs
Current Urban challenges (Mumbai)
Housing
Reduced poverty
Reasons for Growth (Mumbai)
Migration: Cheap rail travel, better opportunities
Connections: India’s stock exchange, financial capital
Historic change: Growth is historic
Examples of clusters
Western Europe and North America have clusters
India has eight
China has fourteen
Distribution of global cities
is not even
a few places are very clustered
Why are global cities important
finance and trade
governance
diversity
Media
cultural centre
innovation
Disadvantages (Out of town shopping centres)
attracts shoppers way from city centres
can cause congestion
land use conflict
Benefits of out- of town shopping centres
free parking
room for expansion
accessible for customers
Changes in retailing (Technological factors)
internet banking
sophisticated websites
Change in retailing (Cultural factors)
car-dependent society
cultural trends
Change in retailing (Economic factors)
high business rates
high city-centre parking costs
challenges of creating urban sustainable communities
building on greenfield land
community differences
eco-housing
Need for new housing
increased immigration
Demand varies across the UK
increase in house prices
Reasons for people moving to the UK
Availability of jobs
Good Health care system
Higher rates of pay
Impacts of both types of Migration may include
increase in the number of working adults
an increase in birth rates
house prices in more desirable areas
diversity of culture
Factors affecting population change (Political factors)
Maternity rights
Migration
Vaccination programmes
Factors affecting population change (Economic factors)
Cost of raising a family
Maternity pay
Career choices
Factors affecting population change (Social Factors)
Healthcare
Marriage
Culture
Strategies that could be used to create a sustainable community
Frequency of transport
Availability of jobs
Education
Healthcare
internet connections
Changing rate of population
population in the UK is always changing
All regions are growing rapidly
Sustainable community
is the aim of all local planners
Proposals for new housing and roads
decisions on transport and education
Impacts of Urban spheres of influence and technological change
change in employment opportunities
Closure of rural banks
closure of village shops
increasing number of second homes
Impact of Counter-urbanisation
increase in house prices
fewer people in village
increased population
Loss of Villager ‘Identity’
