Landscapes and physical processes Flashcards
Urbanisation (Flooding)
expansion of towns and cities
leads to ground being covered
Vegetation (Flooding)
different types intercept different amounts of rainfall
removal of vegetation
Geology (Flooding)
increased groundwater flow
a rock may not be porous
Climate (Flooding)
increased amounts of rainfall
seasonal rainfall
storm event
The speed at which water moves through drainage basins can vary due to:
quantity of rainfall
quantity of vegetation cover
size of drainage basin
Flows and stores of water
water moves through a drainage basin
flows from one store to another
Infiltration
movement of water into the soil
Intended human activity
management strategies
reduce erosion from river and coastal landforms
Extreme weather events (Climate)
a powerful storm can change the appearance of a storm overnight
More severe the storm, the more destructive the waves get
rivers (Climate)
more water that is flowing in the river, higher the erosion rates will be
Coasts (Climate)
the prevailing winds affects the angle at which the waves break on to the coastline
What factor affect the rates of landform change in river and coastal landscape
Geology
Climate
Human activity
Rock pools
are small hollows in rocks found at the coastline
Beaches and Spits
Both beaches and spits are formed when the swash is stronger than backwash
Arches and Stacks
weathering erodes the roof of the arch
the roof collapses to leave a pillar of rock
bay
is formed due to softer, less resistant rock which erodes quicker
Headland
is an area of land that juts into the sea
The processes that erode the cliff are
Hydraulic action
Abrasion:
Solution:
Rockfalls and Landslides
once rock has been eroded from the upper cliff, the material moves down, resulting in mass movement
Coastal landscapes: slope and coastal processes
coastline is shaped over time by (Slope processes)
a cliff may retreat through weathering
Floodplains
when the river floods, it becomes covered with water
the material makes the soil fertile
Meanders
are usually found in the middle and lower courses
bends in the river
Caused by both erosion and deposition
Gorge
is a steep sided narrow valley
is formed when a waterfall collapses and retreats
Differential erosion
where waterfalls form due to a change in rock structure
which leads to erosion of river bed
Glacial Erosion
waterfalls have formed due to the erosive power of a glacier
Glaciers carve steep valleys into the landscape
waterfalls and plunge pools
can be formed by Glacial erosion or Differential erosion
V-shaped valleys
found in the upper course of a river valley
usually found when the river is small
Erosional processes of the river bed include:
Attrition
Abrasion
Erosional processes
Abrasion
Hydraulic action
Solution
River landscapes
River landscapes change due to fluvial erosion, transportation, and deposition
Impact of human activity on Snowdonia
increase house prices
increase in rural homes (activity)
footpath erosion
How are physical landscapes affected by Human Activity
Visitors bring benefits to rural economies
Visitor pressure may affect landscape
Examples of distinctive landscape
Physical features- (Mud flats, Wide valley floor)
Land use- tourism
Vegetation (Sand dune)
What makes a landscape distinctive
Upland and lowland areas
River and coastal landscapes
