Coastal Hazards Flashcards
Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs)
it is the responsibility of local councils to develop SMPs
sand dune (disadvantages)
management is time consuming
expensive costs
beach nourishment (disadvantages)
beach replenishment is necessary
sand dune (advantages)
boardwalks are constructed
beach nourishment (advantages)
cheap
retains the natural look of a beach
Soft engineering methods
beach nourishment- beaches are made higher and wider
sand dunes- act as a natural defence against coastal erosion
managed retreat- areas of coast allowed to flood naturally
rip rap (disadvantages)
unattractive
difficult access to beach
disadvantages (groynes)
starved of beach material
sea walls (disadvantages)
expensive
can increase the risk of erosion
Advantages (Rip Rap)
cheap
very efficient
Groynes (advantages)
cheap
retains the sandy beach
Advantages (sea Walls)
provides good coastal defences
long life span
reduces a risk of flooding
Hard Engineering Methods
sea walls- concrete sea walls reflect the energy
groynes- wooden barriers trap sand being transported
rip rap- large boulders of hard rock are placed along a base of a cliff
Many people have an interest of what happens at the coast including:
residents
local councils
environmental groups
National Governments
secondary impacts
are those which results from the primary event
e.g. destroyed buildings lead to people becoming homeless
Primary Impacts
are the immediate consequences of an event
e.g. people collapsing building during a cliff collapse
risks to coastal communities
rise in sea levels
warmer seas lead to more powerful storms
expensive sea defences
How severe weather events and climate change create vulnerability to coastal flooding
climate change will lead to some coastal communities becoming more vulnerable to coastal hazards
almost 1 billion people live in low elevation coastal zone (LECZs)
Social and economic factors that increase vulnerability
wealth- poor people less likely to afford housing
education- written messages can be used to spread information
Health- a healthy person is more able to escape the dangers
Age- children and elderly people will become more vulnerable
Regularity
is hazards happen often and in quick succession, then the severity will be greater
Duration
the longer a hazard lasts, more severe the impacts are likely to be
Magnitude
the stronger the hazard, the more severe the impacts
Physical factors that increase vulnerability
Magnitude
Duration
Regularity
