RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION - Lima

Question 1

Push / Pull Factors?

Answer 1

Push:

• Agriculture. Low yield and subsistence. Soil degraded by animals and overfeeding, washed away by floods.
• Conflict. Began around 1980 and has killed 70,000. Violence recently erupted in 2014 between guerrilla fighters and the Peruvian Army.
• Leading to poverty: Rural poverty rate greater than 50%, 20% classed as ‘extremely poor’ in Sierra region

Pull:

• Melting Pot. Many migrants from 20th century set up own societies and schools, e.g. the American-Peruvian School, hospital Maison de Sante.
• Jobs - metropolitan area has 7000 factories.
• Education - total of 8,000 schools.

Question 2

Rural Urban Migration Statistic

Answer 2

• 36% of the population of Metropolitan Lima immigrated from other regions of Peru

Question 3

Impact of Rural Urban Migration?

Answer 3

• On Rural Peru: only population of 7 million, ageing dependant population
• Demographic impact: 12,000/sqkm population density. Young population - 30% aged 15 - 30
• Crime: 40% of those over 15 have been victims of crime
• Waste: not all collected, goes to landfill
• Slums: 20-30% population live in slums