Ruminants Anaesthesia Flashcards
How do you decrease risk of regurgitation
decrease rumen size and pressure by withholding food and place et and rumen tubes when appropriate
what can a rumen tube help with
avoid bloat and aspiration of rumen contents
Why don’t we use tranquilizers in food animals
residues in milk and meat products problematic
Xylazine IV dose
1/10th IV dose used in horse
moderate dose: 0.01-0.05 mg/lb IV
What does Xylazine do
depressed pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes
allows ET intubation
Side effects of Xylazine
- cardiovascular depression
- respiratory depression
- rumen atony with bloat
- premature delivery in late pregnancy
Xylazine Antagonists
Atipamezole
Yohimbine
Tolazoline
Doxapram (non-specific respiratory stiumulant)
Detomidine or Medetomidine dose
5-10 mcg/lb IM
similar to Xylazine
why is ace not frequently used
because of prolonged elimination
Side effects of ketamine or telazol
respiratory depression
hypotension
Atropine or Glycopyrrolate (anticholinergics) effect saliva and bloat how
Increase viscosity of saliva and increase incidence of bloat
when is it necessary to use atropine
to prevent bradycardia with manipulation of viscera
when can you mask induce a ruminant
if under 150 lbs
what is in the Triple drip and how long does it last
Xylazine- ketamine- guaifenesin combo
how long does the triple drip last
30-90 min
what does an overdose of the triple drip cause
apnea
hypotension
describe the methods of ET intubation
Dental speculum or mouth gag
Method 1: Insert arm use fingers to reflect epiglottis forward and guide ET into larynx
Method 2: Extend animal’s head and neck gently advance tube into trachea during inspiration
when should you ventilate patient
if procedure last longer than 1 hour
describe the position of the eyeball during anesthesia
- Corneal reflex should be present throughout anesthesia
- Palpebral reflex should be depressed by gas anesthesia
-Eyeball rotates
medioventrally in light surgical plane
- Iris and pupil centered when patient is awake or in deep surgical plane
- Dilated pupils are sign of anesthetic overdose with gas anesthesia
describe what to do with the ET tube during recovery
- Leave ET tube in place with cuff partially inflated until swallowing to prevent aspiration of regurgitated material
- Position the patient’s head to allow drainage before pulling ET tube
- Leave cuff inflated while ET tube pulled
Why should you pass a stomach tube before pulling ET tube
to relieve rumen bloat
how can you avoid regurgitation during recovery
position ruminants on their right side or in sternal recumbency once tube pulled
name some common anesthetic problems
- Regurgitation
- bloat
- inadequate oxygenation
- injury
- respiratory depression
- apnea
- pulmonary aspiration
