Ruminants Anaesthesia

Question 1

How do you decrease risk of regurgitation

Answer 1

decrease rumen size and pressure by withholding food and place et and rumen tubes when appropriate

Question 2

what can a rumen tube help with

Answer 2

avoid bloat and aspiration of rumen contents

Question 3

Why don’t we use tranquilizers in food animals

Answer 3

residues in milk and meat products problematic

Question 4

Xylazine IV dose

Answer 4

1/10th IV dose used in horse

moderate dose: 0.01-0.05 mg/lb IV

Question 5

What does Xylazine do

Answer 5

depressed pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes

allows ET intubation

Question 6

Side effects of Xylazine

Answer 6

• cardiovascular depression
• respiratory depression
• rumen atony with bloat
• premature delivery in late pregnancy

Question 7

Xylazine Antagonists

Answer 7

Atipamezole
Yohimbine
Tolazoline
Doxapram (non-specific respiratory stiumulant)

Question 8

Detomidine or Medetomidine dose

Answer 8

5-10 mcg/lb IM

similar to Xylazine

Question 9

why is ace not frequently used

Answer 9

because of prolonged elimination

Question 10

Side effects of ketamine or telazol

Answer 10

respiratory depression

hypotension

Question 11

Atropine or Glycopyrrolate (anticholinergics) effect saliva and bloat how

Answer 11

Increase viscosity of saliva and increase incidence of bloat

Question 12

when is it necessary to use atropine

Answer 12

to prevent bradycardia with manipulation of viscera

Question 13

when can you mask induce a ruminant

Answer 13

if under 150 lbs

Question 14

what is in the Triple drip and how long does it last

Answer 14

Xylazine- ketamine- guaifenesin combo

Question 15

how long does the triple drip last

Answer 15

30-90 min

Question 16

what does an overdose of the triple drip cause

Answer 16

apnea

hypotension

Question 17

describe the methods of ET intubation

Answer 17

Dental speculum or mouth gag

Method 1: Insert arm  use fingers to reflect epiglottis forward and guide ET into larynx
Method 2: Extend animal’s head and neck  gently advance tube into trachea during inspiration

Question 18

when should you ventilate patient

Answer 18

if procedure last longer than 1 hour

Question 19

describe the position of the eyeball during anesthesia

Answer 19

• Corneal reflex should be present throughout anesthesia
• Palpebral reflex should be depressed by gas anesthesia

-Eyeball rotates
medioventrally in light surgical plane

• Iris and pupil centered when patient is awake or in deep surgical plane
• Dilated pupils are sign of anesthetic overdose with gas anesthesia

Question 20

describe what to do with the ET tube during recovery

Answer 20

• Leave ET tube in place with cuff partially inflated until swallowing to prevent aspiration of regurgitated material
• Position the patient’s head to allow drainage before pulling ET tube
• Leave cuff inflated while ET tube pulled

Question 21

Why should you pass a stomach tube before pulling ET tube

Answer 21

to relieve rumen bloat

Question 22

how can you avoid regurgitation during recovery

Answer 22

position ruminants on their right side or in sternal recumbency once tube pulled

Question 23

name some common anesthetic problems

Answer 23

• Regurgitation
• bloat
• inadequate oxygenation
• injury
• respiratory depression
• apnea
• pulmonary aspiration