Equine Anaesthesia

Question 1

How long do you withhold food

Answer 1

4-8hr

Question 2

Describe general preparation for equine patient

Answer 2

• Withhold food 4-8 hr.
• Pull or pad all shoes
• Clip surgical site before induction; groom/wipe horse
• Place jugular catheter
• Physical exam/weigh
• Rinse mouth with water before induction
• Clean feet

Question 3

what are equine patients prone to getting under anesthesia

Answer 3

respiratory acidosis

Question 4

why is proper padding and positioning important

Answer 4

to prevent

• cardiopulmonary compromise
• neuropathies
• myopathies :

Question 5

Why is assisted or controlled ventilation important with prolonged procedures

Answer 5

to maintain normal arterial CO2 levels

Question 6

Preanesthetic evaluation: History

Answer 6

past or current medical hx

drug hx

Question 7

Preanesthetic evaluation: Physical evaluation

Answer 7

age
weight 
gender
temp
cardiopulmonary function 
lameness or ataxia

Question 8

Preanesthetic evaluation: Laboratory evaluation

Answer 8

CBC
total protein
fibrinogen
serum chemistries / electrolytes

Question 9

Xylazine IV dose

Answer 9

0.2-0.5 mg/lb

Question 10

Xylazine IV onset and signs

Answer 10

within 2-3 min

drooping head
prolapse of penis

Question 11

Xylazine IV duration

Answer 11

30 min

Question 12

Xylazine IM dose

Answer 12

0.5-1 mg/lb

Question 13

Xylazine IM Onset

Answer 13

10-15 min

Question 14

Xylazine IM Duration

Answer 14

30 min

Question 15

What are 2 complications that may occur with Xylazine

Answer 15

Sinus bradycardia

first and second degree heart block

Question 16

Detomidine IV dose

Answer 16

5-10 mcg/lb

Question 17

Detomidine IM dose

Answer 17

10-20 mcg/lb

Question 18

Acepromazine dose

Answer 18

0.5mg/kg

Question 19

Acepromazine onset

Answer 19

5-20 min

Question 20

Acepromazine duration

Answer 20

1.5-3 hr

Question 21

what effect can happen when using acepromazine

Answer 21

hypotensive effect can last 12 hrs

Question 22

ET Tube Material

Answer 22

• 30, 26, 20, or 15 mm ID
• Lubrication jelly
• 25 and/or 60 cc syringe
• Cotton mouth gag or speculum (2” PVC pipe)

Question 23

IV cath Material

Answer 23

• 10, 12, or 14 gauge
• Tubing
• flush
• fluids
• drugs
• Local anesthetic
• clippers
• prep solutions

Question 24

What material is needed before going into surgery

Answer 24

• ET Tube supplies
• IV cath supplies
• Restraint/padding equipment
• Monitoring equipment
• Anesthesia machine, checked
• Oxygen flow rate 1L/250 lb; minimum 3L/1000 lb

Question 25

Ketamine dose

Answer 25

0.7-1mg/lb IV | we use 1mL/100lb

Question 26

What can you administer ketamine after and what can you administer it with

Answer 26

Admin after Xylazine, and detomidine admin with diazepam after alpha-2 agonist

Question 27

What is Guaifenesin (GG) used for

Answer 27

skeletal muscle relaxant

Question 28

what are the toxic signs of Guaifenesin

Answer 28

apneustic breathing muscle rigidity hypotension

Question 29

what is Guaifenesin usually mixed with

Answer 29

Ketamine or thiopental

Question 30

what is diazepam given before or with

Answer 30

given before thiopental or given with ketamine

Question 31

Thiopental sodium can cause what signs

Answer 31

cardiovascular depression | transient apenea

Question 32

Thiopental sodium can be given with what drug

Answer 32

Guaifenesin (GG)

Question 33

telazol dose

Answer 33

0.25-0.5 mg/lb

Question 34

Telazol signs

Answer 34

greater muscle relaxation longer duration greater respiratory depression

Question 35

by which route can you give iso or sevo to a foal

Answer 35

nasotracheal tube or mask

Question 36

Explain endotracheal intubation steps

Answer 36

- Performed blindly - --Bite block between incisors - --Advance tube into trachea - --Repeat if unsuccessful - Secure tube with gauze - Connect to anesthesia machine - Inflate cuff

Question 37

which rebreathing bags are standard for equine patients

Answer 37

15 or 30 L bags | rebreathing bag 5X tidal volume

Question 38

How much should you inflate the cuff of the endotracheal tube

Answer 38

50-75 mL ari/ cuff for 1000 lb horse DO NOT OVERINFLATE

Question 39

What is Total IV anesthesia (TIVA)

Answer 39

mixture of GG, ketamine, Xylaxine delivered to effect

Question 40

What should you monitor while your patient is under anesthesia

Answer 40

- body temp - all vital signs - depth of anesthesia - blood pressure - iv fluids

Question 41

How long should you admin o2 after surgery

Answer 41

until patient is swallowing

Question 42

what should you have available during recovery

Answer 42

Tranquilizers ropes emergency drugs

Question 43

What position should the head be in during recovery and why

Answer 43

head and muzzle should be down allows draninage

Question 44

In what cases should you admin sedative to an adult hours during recovery

Answer 44

- excessive nystagmus - oculogyria - excessive muscle tremors - disorientation and loss of equilibrium

Question 45

Name 10 common anesthetic problems in equine patients

Answer 45

1) Hypotension 2) Hypoventilation 3) Hypoxemia 4) Bradycardia 5) Difficulty maintaining adequate anesthetic depth 6) Metabolic acidosis 7) Under- or over-hydration 8) Nasal edema and/or upper airway obstruction 9) Poor or prolonged recovery 10) Neuropathy and/or myopathy

Question 46

What is considered bradycardia

Answer 46

HR <30bpm

Question 47

what is considered hypotension

Answer 47

MAP <50 mm Hg

Question 48

what is considered Hypoventilation

Answer 48

PaCO2 > 55mm Hg

Question 49

what is considered Hypoxemia

Answer 49

PaO2 <60mm Hg | SpO2 should be >90%