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NSULA Vet Tech Surgery and Anaesthesia > Equine Anaesthesia > Flashcards

Equine Anaesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

How long do you withhold food

A

4-8hr

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2
Q

Describe general preparation for equine patient

A
  • Withhold food 4-8 hr.
  • Pull or pad all shoes
  • Clip surgical site before induction; groom/wipe horse
  • Place jugular catheter
  • Physical exam/weigh
  • Rinse mouth with water before induction
  • Clean feet
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3
Q

what are equine patients prone to getting under anesthesia

A

respiratory acidosis

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4
Q

why is proper padding and positioning important

A

to prevent

  • cardiopulmonary compromise
  • neuropathies
  • myopathies :
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5
Q

Why is assisted or controlled ventilation important with prolonged procedures

A

to maintain normal arterial CO2 levels

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6
Q

Preanesthetic evaluation: History

A

past or current medical hx

drug hx

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7
Q

Preanesthetic evaluation: Physical evaluation

A 
age
weight 
gender
temp
cardiopulmonary function 
lameness or ataxia
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8
Q

Preanesthetic evaluation: Laboratory evaluation

A

CBC
total protein
fibrinogen
serum chemistries / electrolytes

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9
Q

Xylazine IV dose

A

0.2-0.5 mg/lb

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10
Q

Xylazine IV onset and signs

A

within 2-3 min

drooping head
prolapse of penis

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11
Q

Xylazine IV duration

A

30 min

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12
Q

Xylazine IM dose

A

0.5-1 mg/lb

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13
Q

Xylazine IM Onset

A

10-15 min

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14
Q

Xylazine IM Duration

A

30 min

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15
Q

What are 2 complications that may occur with Xylazine

A

Sinus bradycardia

first and second degree heart block

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16
Q

Detomidine IV dose

A

5-10 mcg/lb

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17
Q

Detomidine IM dose

A

10-20 mcg/lb

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18
Q

Acepromazine dose

A

0.5mg/kg

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19
Q

Acepromazine onset

A

5-20 min

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20
Q

Acepromazine duration

21
Q

what effect can happen when using acepromazine

A

hypotensive effect can last 12 hrs

22
Q

ET Tube Material

A
  • 30, 26, 20, or 15 mm ID
  • Lubrication jelly
  • 25 and/or 60 cc syringe
  • Cotton mouth gag or speculum (2” PVC pipe)
23
Q

IV cath Material

A
  • 10, 12, or 14 gauge
  • Tubing
  • flush
  • fluids
  • drugs
  • Local anesthetic
  • clippers
  • prep solutions
24
Q

What material is needed before going into surgery

A
  • ET Tube supplies
  • IV cath supplies
  • Restraint/padding equipment
  • Monitoring equipment
  • Anesthesia machine, checked
  • Oxygen flow rate 1L/250 lb; minimum 3L/1000 lb
25
Q

Ketamine dose

A

0.7-1mg/lb IV

we use 1mL/100lb

26
Q

What can you administer ketamine after and what can you administer it with

A

Admin after Xylazine, and detomidine

admin with diazepam after alpha-2 agonist

27
Q

What is Guaifenesin (GG) used for

A

skeletal muscle relaxant

28
Q

what are the toxic signs of Guaifenesin

A

apneustic breathing
muscle rigidity
hypotension

29
Q

what is Guaifenesin usually mixed with

A

Ketamine or thiopental

30
Q

what is diazepam given before or with

A

given before thiopental or given with ketamine

31
Q

Thiopental sodium can cause what signs

A

cardiovascular depression

transient apenea

32
Q

Thiopental sodium can be given with what drug

A

Guaifenesin (GG)

33
Q

telazol dose

A

0.25-0.5 mg/lb

34
Q

Telazol signs

A

greater muscle relaxation
longer duration
greater respiratory depression

35
Q

by which route can you give iso or sevo to a foal

A

nasotracheal tube or mask

36
Q

Explain endotracheal intubation steps

A
  • Performed blindly
  • –Bite block between incisors
  • –Advance tube into trachea
  • –Repeat if unsuccessful
  • Secure tube with gauze
  • Connect to anesthesia machine
  • Inflate cuff
37
Q

which rebreathing bags are standard for equine patients

A

15 or 30 L bags

rebreathing bag 5X tidal volume

38
Q

How much should you inflate the cuff of the endotracheal tube

A

50-75 mL ari/ cuff for 1000 lb horse

DO NOT OVERINFLATE

39
Q

What is Total IV anesthesia (TIVA)

A

mixture of GG, ketamine, Xylaxine delivered to effect

40
Q

What should you monitor while your patient is under anesthesia

A
  • body temp
  • all vital signs
  • depth of anesthesia
  • blood pressure
  • iv fluids
41
Q

How long should you admin o2 after surgery

A

until patient is swallowing

42
Q

what should you have available during recovery

A

Tranquilizers
ropes
emergency drugs

43
Q

What position should the head be in during recovery and why

A

head and muzzle should be down

allows draninage

44
Q

In what cases should you admin sedative to an adult hours during recovery

A
  • excessive nystagmus
  • oculogyria
  • excessive muscle tremors
  • disorientation and loss of equilibrium
45
Q

Name 10 common anesthetic problems in equine patients

A

1) Hypotension
2) Hypoventilation
3) Hypoxemia
4) Bradycardia
5) Difficulty maintaining adequate anesthetic depth
6) Metabolic acidosis
7) Under- or over-hydration
8) Nasal edema and/or upper airway obstruction
9) Poor or prolonged recovery
10) Neuropathy and/or myopathy

46
Q

What is considered bradycardia

47
Q

what is considered hypotension

A

MAP <50 mm Hg

48
Q

what is considered Hypoventilation

A

PaCO2 > 55mm Hg

49
Q

what is considered Hypoxemia

A

PaO2 <60mm Hg

SpO2 should be >90%

NSULA Vet Tech Surgery and Anaesthesia (5 decks)

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