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A&P 2 - Digestive System > Ruminant Stomach > Flashcards

Ruminant Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

how many chambers is the ruminant stomach

A

four chambers

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2
Q

what are the first three chambers of the ruminant stomach called (as a whole)

A

forestomach

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3
Q

what are the three chambers of the forestomach

A

reticulum
rumen
omasum

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4
Q

what is the last chamber of the ruminant stomach

A

abomasum

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5
Q

the abomasum is also called what

A

the true stomach

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6
Q

herbivores have what kind of stomach

A

ruminants

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7
Q

herbivores require more complex digestion process than what

A

carnivores

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8
Q

the forestomachs of ruminants are what

A

non glandular

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9
Q

what do microorganisms in the forestomachs do for the rumen and reticulum

A

fermentation

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10
Q

what is broken down during fermentation in the rumen and reticulum

A

complex carbs (cellulose)

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11
Q

the abomasum functions the same as what

A

monogastric stomach

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12
Q
A

rumen

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13
Q
A

reticulum

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14
Q
A

omasum

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15
Q
A

abomasum

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16
Q

each forestomach performs a different digestive ______ and has different ______ features

A

function
anatomical

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17
Q

what forestomach does the paunch refer to

A

rumen

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18
Q

the rumen occupies most of the _____ side of abdominal cavity

A

left

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19
Q

microorganims in the rumen ferment what

A

carbs

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20
Q

what in the mucosa of the rumen increase surface area for absorption

A

papillae

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21
Q

what divides the rumen

A

pillars (muscular folds)

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22
Q

three divisions of the rumen

A

dorsal sac
ventral sac
two caudal sacs

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23
Q

what forestomach does the honeycomb refer to

A

reticulum

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24
Q

the reticulum is located what direction to the rumen

A

cranial

25
Q

contents of the reticulum easily enter and exit to what - making them essentially act as one unit

A

rumen

26
Q

reticulorumen refers to what

A

reticulum and rumen as one unit

27
Q
A

reticulum

28
Q

links esophagus with omasum in young ruminant

A

esophageal groove

29
Q

because of the esophageal groove, milk for nursing ruminant bypasses what and goes directly where

A

reticulorumen
omasum and abomasum

30
Q

if the esophageal groove did not close, bacteria from reticulorumen would do what to milk

A

ferment milk

31
Q

in young neonates, if the esophageal groove did not close, lactic acid produced would inhibit normal what

A

microbial action

32
Q

what forestomach does “many plies” or “book stomach” refer to

A

omasum

33
Q
A

omasum

34
Q

the omasum connects _______ to _______

A

reticulorumen to abomasum

35
Q

the omasum is folds of ______ with ______ on surfaces

A

mucosa
papillae

36
Q

absorption of what takes place in the omasum

A

water and salts

37
Q

the elongated “true stomach”

A

abomasum

38
Q

what is the abomasum lined with

A

glandular tissue

39
Q

which side of the abdomen is the abomasum located on

A

right side

40
Q

in young animals, what is released in the abomasum that causes milk protein coagulation

A

renin

41
Q

renin prolongs time for _____ to break down proteins

A

pepsin

42
Q

the abomasum functions like a ______ ______ stomach - expect it is not a storage compartment

A

simple monogastric

43
Q

there is a continuous flow of what into the abomasum

A

ingesta

44
Q

primary contractions of the reticulorumen are what kind of contractions

A

mixing contractions

45
Q

mixing contractions ensure content movements between ______ and ______

A

reticulum
rumen

46
Q

mixing contractions separate particles based on what

A

size

47
Q

another name for rumination

A

chewing the cud

48
Q

in rumination, ingesta moves from ________ back into oral cavity for additional saliva and continued chewing

A

reticulorumen

49
Q

four steps to the rumination process

A

regurgitation
re-insalivation
remastication
re-swallowing

50
Q

eructation

A

belching

51
Q

what starts secondary contractions

A

eructation (belching)

52
Q

responsible for the release of gases

A

eructation (belching)

53
Q

what two gases are produced during fermentation

A

carbon dioxide and methane

54
Q

without gas release, what condition would develope

A

bloat

55
Q

what part of the brain controls reticulorumen activity

A

area of brainstem

56
Q

the kinds of microbial species that occupy reticulorumen ecosystem

A

bacteria, protozoa, and fungi

57
Q

how is proper balance between the types of microbial species in reticulorumen controlled

A

diet and amount of food consumed
interactions between mother and neonate

58
Q

how do microbial species in reticulorumen get oxygen

A

it is ingested when the animal eats food

A&P 2 - Digestive System (20 decks)

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