Ruminant Stomach Flashcards
how many chambers is the ruminant stomach
four chambers
what are the first three chambers of the ruminant stomach called (as a whole)
forestomach
what are the three chambers of the forestomach
reticulum
rumen
omasum
what is the last chamber of the ruminant stomach
abomasum
the abomasum is also called what
the true stomach
herbivores have what kind of stomach
ruminants
herbivores require more complex digestion process than what
carnivores
the forestomachs of ruminants are what
non glandular
what do microorganisms in the forestomachs do for the rumen and reticulum
fermentation
what is broken down during fermentation in the rumen and reticulum
complex carbs (cellulose)
the abomasum functions the same as what
monogastric stomach
rumen
reticulum
omasum
abomasum
each forestomach performs a different digestive ______ and has different ______ features
function
anatomical
what forestomach does the paunch refer to
rumen
the rumen occupies most of the _____ side of abdominal cavity
left
microorganims in the rumen ferment what
carbs
what in the mucosa of the rumen increase surface area for absorption
papillae
what divides the rumen
pillars (muscular folds)
three divisions of the rumen
dorsal sac
ventral sac
two caudal sacs
what forestomach does the honeycomb refer to
reticulum
the reticulum is located what direction to the rumen
cranial
contents of the reticulum easily enter and exit to what - making them essentially act as one unit
rumen
reticulorumen refers to what
reticulum and rumen as one unit
reticulum
links esophagus with omasum in young ruminant
esophageal groove
because of the esophageal groove, milk for nursing ruminant bypasses what and goes directly where
reticulorumen
omasum and abomasum
if the esophageal groove did not close, bacteria from reticulorumen would do what to milk
ferment milk
in young neonates, if the esophageal groove did not close, lactic acid produced would inhibit normal what
microbial action
what forestomach does “many plies” or “book stomach” refer to
omasum
omasum
the omasum connects _______ to _______
reticulorumen to abomasum
the omasum is folds of ______ with ______ on surfaces
mucosa
papillae
absorption of what takes place in the omasum
water and salts
the elongated “true stomach”
abomasum
what is the abomasum lined with
glandular tissue
which side of the abdomen is the abomasum located on
right side
in young animals, what is released in the abomasum that causes milk protein coagulation
renin
renin prolongs time for _____ to break down proteins
pepsin
the abomasum functions like a ______ ______ stomach - expect it is not a storage compartment
simple monogastric
there is a continuous flow of what into the abomasum
ingesta
primary contractions of the reticulorumen are what kind of contractions
mixing contractions
mixing contractions ensure content movements between ______ and ______
reticulum
rumen
mixing contractions separate particles based on what
size
another name for rumination
chewing the cud
in rumination, ingesta moves from ________ back into oral cavity for additional saliva and continued chewing
reticulorumen
four steps to the rumination process
regurgitation
re-insalivation
remastication
re-swallowing
eructation
belching
what starts secondary contractions
eructation (belching)
responsible for the release of gases
eructation (belching)
what two gases are produced during fermentation
carbon dioxide and methane
without gas release, what condition would develope
bloat
what part of the brain controls reticulorumen activity
area of brainstem
the kinds of microbial species that occupy reticulorumen ecosystem
bacteria, protozoa, and fungi
how is proper balance between the types of microbial species in reticulorumen controlled
diet and amount of food consumed
interactions between mother and neonate
how do microbial species in reticulorumen get oxygen
it is ingested when the animal eats food
