Rules for English consonant allophones Flashcards
Consonants are longer when at ________.
Consonants are longer when at the end of a phrase.
Voiceless stops are aspirated when they are ________.
Voiceless stops are aspirated when they are syllable initial (as in words such as pip, test, kick)
Obstruents classified as voiced are voiceless only through a small part of the articulation when they occur at _________ or (before/after) a ____ ______.
Obstruents (stops and fricatives) classified as voiced are voiced through only a small part of the articulation when they occur at the end of an utterance or before a voiceless sound.
So-called voiced stops and affricates are voiceless when ______ _______, except when _____ _______ by a _______ sound
So-called voiced stops and affricates are voiceless when syllable initial, except when immediately preceded by a voiced sound (compare “a day” to “this day”)
Voiceless stops are unaspirated (before/after) ___ in words such as ____, ____, ____.
Voiceless stops are unaspirated after /s/ in words such as spew, stew, skew.
Voiceless obstruents are longer than the _____ ______ ______ when at _____________.
Voiceless obstruents are longer than the corresponding voiced obstruents when at the end of a syllable.
Approximates are at least partially voiceless when they occur (before/after) ______ ______.
Approximates are at least partially voiceless when they occur after initial /p, t, k/ (as in play, twin, cue).
The gestures for consecutive stops overlap, so that stops are ____ when they occur (before/after) ______ ___.
The gestures for consecutive stops overlap, so that stops are unexploded when they occur before another stop (words such as apt, rubbed)
In many accents of English, syllable-final /p,t,k/ are accompanied by an overlapping ____ _____.
In many accents of English, syllable final /p,t,k/ are accompanied by an overlapping glottal gesture. (rule 9)
In many accents of English, /t/ is replaced by a glottal stop when it occurs (before/after) an ______ _____ in the same word.
In many accents of English, /t/ is replaced by a glottal stop when it occurs before an alveolar nasal in the same word, (like “beaten”)
Nasals are syllabic at the _________ when immediately (before/after) an _______.
Nasals are syllabic at the end of a word when immediately after an obstruent (leaden, chasm)
The liquids /l,r/ are syllabic at ________ when immediately (before/after) a ______.
The liquids /l,r/ are syllabic at the end of a word when immediately after a consonant.
Alveolar stops become voiced taps when they occur between two _______ the second of which is ________.
Alveolar stops become voiced taps when they occur between two vowels the second of which is unstressed.
Alveolar consonants become dentals (before/after) _____ ______.
Alveolar consonants become dentals before dental consonants (eighth, tenth, wealth)
Alveolar stops are reduced or omitted when between two ______.
Alveolar stops are reduced or omitted when between two consonants.