Rule of Stalin - Collectivisation Flashcards

Aims, objectives and facts regarding Collectivisation

1
Q

What was the ‘Class Enemy’ identified by Stalin as a barrier of collectivisation

A

The Kulak Class

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2
Q

What did Stalin announce in 1929

A

The liquidation of the Kulak Class

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3
Q

What was the purpose of trying to eradicate the Kulaks

A

to frighten the peasants into the joining the Kolkohzes

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4
Q

Why was the policy hard to achieve?

A

The peasants refused to identify the Kulak’s

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5
Q

To enforce dekulakisation what measures did Stalin take

A

He enlisted and army of 25,000 urban party agents to ‘revolutionise’ the countryside

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6
Q

What three groups were the kulaks divided into

A

Counter Revolutionaries
Active Opposition- forced labour settlements
Expelled to settle on poor farm land

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7
Q

What did the decree in February 1930 state

A

It gave the local party the authority to use ‘necessary measures’

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8
Q

Up to how many people were deported Siberia/ labour camps

A

10 Million

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9
Q

What did propaganda campaigns inflame?

A

Class hatred

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10
Q

What were the three main types of collectives

A

Toz
Sovkohz
Kolkhoz

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11
Q

What was a Toz

A

A type of collective farm in which the peasants owned their own land but shared machines and co-operated in activities such as sowing and harvesting. A much more common type of Collective before 1930.

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12
Q

What was a Sovkhoz

A

A collective farm owned and run by the state. Peasants who worked on the farm were paid a regular wage- like factory workers.

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13
Q

What was a Kolkhoz

A

Where all the land was held in common and run by an elected committee. Between 50-100 houses were needed to form a Kolkhoz. All land, tools and livestock had to be pooled. The peasants farmed as one unit, but each household was allowed to keep a private plot of up to one acre.

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14
Q

Why did Communists see collectivisation as a Solution to the USSR’s agricultural problems

A

The use of mechanized agriculture would allow for more efficient farming of larger land units and introduce modern techniques like fertilizers and ploughs with expert assistance. It would also free up labour for urban areas and simplify grain procurement by reducing collection points, aided by Communist supporters. Moreover, this approach aligned with socialist ideals, as it avoided a system where the majority of the population were private landholders profiting from their products.

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15
Q

Why was collectivisation carried out so rapidly

A

Due to the grain procurement crisis of 1928-29 in which peasants were resisting government’s policies. The situation was getting to a level of severity in which meat and bread were rationed in the cities. ‘The cities were hungry’ in response to this Stalin blamed the Kulak’s

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16
Q

What did Stalin use to carry out collectivisation

A

Force, Terror and Propaganda

17
Q

Before Collectivisation what kind of economy was USSR under

A

NEP

18
Q

How did collectivisation link directly with industrialisation?

A

Peasants would be socialised so that they would be ready for industrialisation. It was to ‘feed’ the industrial workers

19
Q

What does the term collectivisation actually mean?

A

Peasants were forced to give up individual private farms to form big collected farms

20
Q

Which two main groups suffered under collectivisation?

A

NEP Men and Kulaks