Government and Developing Political Organisation 1846-85 Flashcards
When did Russel First become Prime Minister and how long did his ministry last
1846 to 1852
How long did Derby’s first ministry last
1852 - one year
How Long did Aberdeen serve as Prime Minister
From 1852 to 1855
How long was Lord Palmerstone’s first ministry
From 1855 to 1858
How long did Lord Russel’s Second Ministry last?
From 1865 to 1866
How long did Lord Derby and Disraeli’s Ministry last?
From 1866 to 1868
When and who passed the 2nd Reform Act?
Disraeli passed the second reform Act in 1867, in hopes to see a similar turnover of the 1832 GRA
What did Russel Accomplish in his first ministry?
He extended free trade, and Abolished the Navigation Acts in 1849
When did Lord Russel attempt to introduce a 2nd Reform Bill
1866 but was defeated and eventually stolen by Disraeli.
Which Party did Disraeli and Derby belong to?
Conservatives
Which party did Russel belong to?
The Whigs
Which party did Palmerstone belong to?
The Whigs
When was the Liberal Party Formed?
10th of June 1859 after a vote from many mutual political groups
What were the varying parties during this time period?
The Whigs
The Peelites
The Liberals
The Conservatives
The Radicals
The protectionists
Who was the initial leader of the Liberal Party?
Palmerstone
When did Gladstone become leader of the Liberal Party?
After the death of Palmerstone in 1865, in which the Liberal Party came to truly flourish
What was the name for Gladstone’s mentatlity?
Gladstonian Liberalism
What were Gladstones main principles?
Laissez Faire/ Free Trade, that personal liberties were important.
What were the key aims of Gladstone’s social policies?
Improving w/c condition and personal liberties
Education
Trade Unions
Civil Service Reform
Workers Rights
What was the Foresters Education Act
Introduced in 1870
Ensured that children from poorer backgrounds had access to education by making an effort to build school houses
Which groups formed the 1859 Liberal Party?
The Whigs
Liberals
Radicals
Peelites
What was the Trade Union Act
The 1871 Trade Union Act
Gave Trade Unions legal recognition.
Recognised TU right to hold a property, and funds, with the right to strike
How were Gladstone and Disraeli’s social reforms different
Gladstone’s dedication to systematic reforms differed to Disraeli’s direct reforms .
How did Disraelis and Gladstone’s attitudes differ?
Disraeli aimed on direct social policies,
whereas Gladstone emphasised on laissez faire economics, effeciency, self improvement and faireness
What was the Criminal Law Amendment Act and how did it impact Gladstone’s government?
The Act was passed almost immediately after the 1781 Trade Union Act and made picketing illegal making striking difficult. The act cost Gladstone majority of his working class support and was a serious misjudgement
What are some of Disraelis policies that he passed?
The Artisans’ and Labourer’s Dwellings Improvement Act of 1875
Factory Act of 1874
Employers and Workmen Act of 1875
Public Health Act of 1875
Friendly Societies Act of 1875
Sandon’s Education Act of 1876
What were some of Gladstone’s Social Reforms
Forster’s Education Act of 1870
Trade Unions Act of 1871
Criminal Law Amendment Act of 1871
Civil Service Reform of 1870
Married Women’s Property Act of 1870
Judicature Act of 1873
Licensing Act of 1872
What did Disraeli’s Factor Act do?
The 1874 Factory Act limited working hours to 56 hours a week for adult and children
What did the Public Health Act do?
The 1875 Act aimed to improve sanitation in the cities
What did Disraelis Sandon’s Education Act of 1876 do?
It compelled authorities to ensure that children aged between 5 and 10 attended school, aiming to increase working class attendance in school in the industrial areas.
What religious conversion allowed Disraeli to enter politics?
From Jewish to Catholic
When and where did Disraeli first become an MP
1837 in Maidstone
What made Disraeli an opponent to Peel
Peel’s decision to repeal the corn laws
Which election did Disraeli win?
The 1874 Election
Why did Gladstone lose the 1874 Election
Due to the Criminal Amendment Act and Liscencing Act which caused Gladstone to lose a majority of the W/C support. This Act also upset the brewers pushing them to donate to the Conservative party. This pushed for Disraeli’s success in the 1874 Election
In what year were female rate payers allowed to vote in Local election
In 1869
What did the 1872 Marred women’s property Act do?
Gave married women legal status, allowing her to keep a portion of her earnings.
What political changes did Gladstone go through?
Gladstone, who started his career as a tory, transitioned to a Peelite after the beginning of Peel’s government. He became the lead Peelite, and eventually served under Palmerstone and Russel in Liberal Govts, until he became leader of the Liberal Party in 1865
What was Gladstone’s famed slogan?
‘Peace, Retrenchment and Reform’
What were the majority dwellings
Tenemant Slums
What were the major illnesses that affected people
Cholera, typhus, diptheria, whooping cough, measles and dysentry which were responsible for around 40% of deaths
What was the Mortality rate for kids under the age of 5
Half died before the age of 5
Which grand buildings were developed in these large cities, but celebrated no one but the Rich
Town Hall of Birmingham 1834
Liverpool Medical Instituion 1837
Royal Institudion Edinburgh 1836
What was the population growth of this era
From 10 Million to 20 Million, majorly Urban
What wage did hand loom weavers previously earn
25 shillings per week, this fell to under 5
What was an example of a growing industry
Growing industries like rail meant steady jobs, not however uniform.
Who developed the idea of a national trade union body? and what was it
Rober Union
The GNCTU - Grand National Consolidated Trade Union
What was the membership fee for the GNCTU
a membership of one shilling each paid by 500k members
What was a response to the GNCTU
Employers demanded employees sign an oth of loyalty claiming they were not members of the GNCTU
What eventually happened to the GNCTU
It collapsed and members turned to Chartism
Which indsutry group set up Friendly Socities
Agricultural workers
What happened to these Friendly Socities
Convited of subversion and wer etransported to Australia. Lovett’s campaign however, allowed them to be pardoned
What did the skilled working class set up after being inspired by the self help movement
They established Co-ops
What was the Rochdale Weavers Co-op
Established in 1844, a whole retail which made profit.
Members recieived a dividend.
How many Co-Ops were there by 1850
100 with a co-op society being established in 1863
How were these co-ops regulated
By a national registrar in 1742 under Peel
